少肉多菜可以延长寿命，改善心脏健康

少肉多菜可以延长寿命，改善心脏健康

Eating more plants and less meat has been tied to a longer life and a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in a new study.

一项新的研究表明，多吃植物，少吃肉与长寿和降低心血管疾病风险有关。

Sticking to an overall plant-based diet or a diet that includes more plant foods than animal foods could be associated with a 16% lower risk of cardiovascular disease and up to 25% lower risk of early death, according to the study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association this week.

根据本周发表在“美国心脏协会杂志”上的一项研究，坚持以植物为基础的饮食，或坚持含有比动物食品更多的植物食品的饮食，可能会降低16%的心血管疾病风险，最高可降低25%的早期死亡风险。

The new study adds to "the substantial body of literature" suggesting that consuming a plant-based diet is associated with better heart health and lower risk of death, said Casey Rebholz, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore and senior author of the study.

巴尔的摩约翰·霍普金斯大学布隆伯格公共卫生学院助理教授、该研究的资深作者凯西·雷布霍尔茨表示，这项新研究补充了“大量文献”，表明食用植物性饮食与改善心脏健康和降低死亡风险有关。

"Plant-based diets emphasize higher intakes of plant foods and lower intakes of animal foods. Foods derived from plants include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes," Rebholz said.

Rebholz说：“植物性饮食强调植物性食物的高摄入量，而动物性食物的低摄入量。来自植物的食物包括水果、蔬菜、全谷类、坚果和豆类。”

"Animal foods include meat, eggs, dairy, and fish or seafood," she said. "In this study, we did not define plant-based diets on the basis of complete exclusion of animal foods from the diet ... but rather ranked individuals according to their relative frequency of intake of these foods."

“动物食品包括肉，鸡蛋，奶制品，鱼或海鲜，”她说。“在这项研究中，我们没有在完全排除动物性食物的基础上定义植物性饮食…而是根据摄入这些食物的相对频率对个体进行排名。”

The study involved data on 12,168 middle-aged adults in the United States, which came from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

这项研究涉及了来自美国国家心肺血液研究所社区动脉粥样硬化风险研究的12,168名中年成年人的数据。

The adults, who were followed up from 1987 through 2016, did not have cardiovascular disease at the start of the study.

这些成年人从1987年到2016年进行了随访，在研究开始时没有心血管疾病。

The researchers took a close look at each adult's usual diet and their heart health later in life, including whether they were diagnosed with stroke, heart failure or other events related to cardiovascular disease.

研究人员仔细观察了每个成年人的日常饮食和他们晚年的心脏健康状况，包括他们是否被诊断出中风、心力衰竭或其他与心血管疾病相关的事件。

After analyzing the data, the researchers found that the adults who adhered to diets with mostly plant-based foods, compared with those who had the lowest adherence, had a 16% lower risk of cardiovascular disease; about 32% lower risk of dying from a cardiovascular disease; and 18% to 25% lower risk of early death from any cause.

在分析数据后，研究人员发现，坚持以植物性食物为主的成年人，与坚持程度最低的人相比，患心血管疾病的风险降低了16%;死于心血管疾病的风险降低了32%;任何原因导致的早期死亡风险降低了18%到25%。

The study had some limitations, including that the data on dietary intakes were based on people self-reporting their eating habits, which poses a risk of measurement error.

这项研究有一些局限性，包括饮食摄入量的数据是基于人们自我报告的饮食习惯，这可能会导致测量误差。

More research is needed to determine if a causal relationship exists, and to determine how the modern food supply might influence outcomes, as the data in the study came from years' past.

需要更多的研究来确定两者之间是否存在因果关系，以及现代食品供应可能如何影响结果，因为研究中的数据来自多年前。