英语六级阅读真题,不仅强化词汇与句型理解,更提升阅读速度与综合分析能力。实战演练,让考生熟悉题型变化,掌握解题技巧,是冲刺六级高分不可或缺的宝贵资源。今天,小编将分享2020年9月大学英语六级阅读真题以及答案(卷二)相关内容,希望能为大家提供帮助!
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
It was perhaps when my parents who also happen to be my housemates left to go travelling for a couple of months recently that it 26 on me why I had not yet left the family home.
It wasn't that I relied on them for 27 reasons, or to keep my life in order, or to ease the chaos of the home. These days, I rely on them for their company.
I missed coming home and talking about my day at work, and I missed being able to read their faces and sense how their day was. I missed having unique 28 into tiny details that make a life.
While the conversation about young adults staying longer at home is 29 by talk of laziness, of dependence, of an inability for young people to pull themselves together, 30 do we talk of the way, in my case at least, my relationship with my parents has 31 strengthened the longer we have lived together.
Over the years the power dynamic has changed and is no longer defined by one being the giver and another, the taker. So, what does this say for our relationships within the family home?
According to psychologist Sabina Read, there are "some very positive possible 32 when adult children share the family home", noting the"parent-child relationship may indeed strengthen and mature" in the process.
But, she notes, a strong 33 doesn't simply come with time. "The many changing factors of the relationship need to be acknowledged, rather than hoping that the mere passage of time will 34 connect parents to their adult children. It's important to acknowledge that the relationship parameters have changed to avoid falling back into 35 from the teen years."
A) bond
B) contemplated
C) dawned
D) hierarchy
E) insight
F) legislative
G) leverage
H) logistical
I) magically
J) outcomes
K) patterns
L) rarely
M) saturated
N) stereotypes
O) undoubtedly
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
How Telemedicine Is Transforming Healthcare
A) After years of big promises, telemedicine is finally living up to its potential. Driven by faster internet connections, ubiquitous (无处不在的) smartphones and changing insurance standards, more health providers are turning to electronic communications to do their jobs-and it's dramatically changing the delivery of healthcare.
B) Doctors are linking up with patients by phone, email and webcam (网络摄像头). They're also consulting with each other electronically sometimes to make split-second decisions on heart attacks and strokes. Patients, meanwhile, are using new devices to relay their blood pressure, heart rate and other vital signs to their doctors so they can manage chronic conditions at home. Telemedicine also allows for better care in places where medical expertise is hard to come by. Five to 10 times a day,Doctors Without Borders relays questions about tough cases from its physicians in Niger, South Sudan and elsewhere to its network of 280 experts around the world, and back again via the internet.
C) As a measure of how rapidly telemedicine is spreading, consider: More than 15 million Americans received some kind of medical care remotely last year, according to the American Telemedicine Association, a trade group, which expects those numbers to grow by 30% this year.
D) None of this is to say that telemedicine has found its way into all corners of medicine. A recent survey of 500 tech-savvy(精通技术的)consumers found that 39% hadn't heard of telemedicine, and of those who haven't used it, 42% said they preferred in-person doctor visits. In a poll of 1, 500 family physicians, only 15% had used it in their practices-but 90% said they would if it were appropriately reimbursed (补偿).
E) What's more, for all the rapid growth, significant questions and challenges remain. Rules defining and regulating telemedicine differ widely from state to state. Physicians groups are issuing different guidelines about what care they consider appropriate to deliver and in what form.
F) Some critics also question whether the quality of care is keeping up with the rapid expansion of telemedicine. And there's the question of what services physicians should be paid for: Insurance coverage varies from health plan to health plan, and a big federal plan covers only a narrow range of services. Telemedicine's future will depend on how-and whether-regulators, providers, payers and patients can address these challenges. Here's a closer look at some of these issues:
G) Do patients trade quality for convenience? The fastest-growing services in telemedicine connect consumers with clinicians they've never met for a phone, video or email visit-on-demand, 24/7.Typically, these are for nonemergency issues such as colds, flu, ear-aches and skin rashes, and they cost around $45, compared with approximately $100 at a doctor's office, $160 at an urgent-care clinic or $750 and up at an emergency room.
H) Many health plans and employers have rushed to offer the services and promote them as a convenient way for plan members to get medical care without leaving home or work. Nearly three-quarters of large employers will offer virtual doctor visits as a benefit to employees this year, up from 48 % last year. Web companies such as Teladoc and American Well are expected to host some 1.2 million such virtual doctor visits this year, up 20% from last year, according to the American Telemedicine Association.
I) But critics worry that such services may be sacrificing quality for convenience. Consulting a random doctor patients will never meet, they say, further fragments the health-care system, and even minor issues such as upper respiratory (上呼吸道的) infections can't be thoroughly evaluated by a doctor who can't listen to your heart or feel your swollen glands. In a recent study, researchers posing as patients with skin problems sought help from 16 telemedicine sites-with unsettling results. In 62 encounters, fewer than one-third disclosed clinicians' credential or let patients choose; only 32% discussed potential side effects of prescribed medications. Several sites misdiagnosed serious conditions, largely because they failed to ask basic follow-up questions, the researchers said. " Telemedicine holds enormous promise, but these sites are just not ready for prime time," says Jack Resneck, the study's lead author.
J) The American Telemedicine Association and other organizations have started accreditation (鉴定)programs to identify top-quality telemedicine sites. The American Medical Association this month approved new ethical guidelines for telemedicine, calling for participating doctors to recognize the limitations of such services and ensure that they have sufficient information to make clinical recommendations.
K) Who pays for the services? While employers and health plans have been eager to cover virtual urgentcare visits, insurers have been far less willing to pay for telemedicine when doctors use phone, email or video to consult with existing patients about continuing issues. " It's very hard to get paid unless you physically see the patient," says Peter Rasmussen, medical director of distance health at the Cleveland Clinic. Some 32 states have passed "parity" (等同的) laws requiring private insurers to reimburse doctors for services delivered remotely if the same service would be covered in person, though not necessarily at the same rate or frequency. Medicare lags further behind. The federal health plan for the elderly covers a small number of telemedicine services-only for beneficiaries in rural areas and only when the services are received in a hospital, doctor's office or clinic.
L) Bills to expand Medicare coverage of telemedicine have bipartisan (两党的) support in Congress.Opponents worry that such expansion would be costly for taxpayers, but advocates say it would save money in the long run.
M) Experts say more hospitals are likely to invest in telemedicine systems as they move away from fee-for service payments and into managed-care-type contracts that give them a set fee to provide care for patients and allow them to keep any savings they achieve.
N) Is the state-by-state regulatory system outdated? Historically, regulation of medicine has been left to individual states. But some industry members contend that having 50 different sets of rules, licensing fees and even definitions of "medical practice" makes less sense in the era of telemedicine and is hampering its growth. Currently, doctors must have a valid license in the state where the patient is located to provide medical care, which means virtual-visit companies can match users only with locally licensed clinicians. It also causes administrative hassles (麻烦) for world-class medical centers that attract patients from across the country. At the Mayo Clinic, doctors who treat out-of-state patients can follow up with them via phone, email or web chats when they return home, but they can only discuss the conditions they treated in person. "If the patient wants to talk about a new problem, the doctor has to be licensed in that state to discuss it. If not, the patient should talk to his primary-care physician about it," says Steve Ommen, who runs Mayo's Connected Care program.
O) To date, 17 states have joined a compact that will allow a doctor licensed in one member state to quickly obtain a license in another. While welcoming the move, some telemedicine advocates would prefer states to automatically honor one another's licenses, as they do with drivers' licenses. But states aren't likely to surrender control of medical practice, and most are considering new regulations. This year, more than 200 telemedicine-related bills have been introduced in 42 states, many regarding what services Medicaid will cover and whether payers should reimburse for remote patient monitoring. "A lot of states are still trying to define telemedicine," says Lisa Robbin, chief advocacy officer for the Federation of State Medical Boards.
36. An overwhelming majority of family physicians are willing to use telemedicine if they are duly paid.
37. Many employers are eager to provide telemedicine service as a benefit to their employees because of its convenience.
38. Different states have markedly different regulations for telemedicine.
39. With telemedicine, patients in regions short of professional medical service are able to receive better medical care.
40. Unlike employers and health plans, insurers have been rather reluctant to pay for some telemedicine services.
41. Some supporters of telemedicine hope states will accept each other's medical practice licenses as valid.
42. The fastest growing area for telemedicine services is for lesser health problems.
43. As telemedicine spreads quickly, some of its opponents doubt whether its service quality can be guaranteed.
44. The results obtained by researchers who pretended to be patients seeking help from telemedicine providers are disturbing.
45. Some people argue that the fact that different states have different regulations concerning medical services hinders the development of telemedicine.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Danielle Steel, the 71-year-old romance novelist is notoriously productive, having published 179 books at a rate of up to seven a year. But a passing reference in a recent profile by Glamour magazine to her 20-hour workdays prompted an outpouring of admiration.
Steel has given that 20-hour figure when describing her "exhausting" process in the past: "I start the book and don't leave my desk until the first draft is finished." She goes from bed, to desk, to bath, to bed, avoiding all contact aside from phone calls with her nine children. "I don't comb my hair for weeks," she says. Meals are brought to her desk, where she types until her fingers swell and her nails bleed.
The business news website Quartz held Steel up as an inspiration, writing that if only we all followed her "actually extremely liberating" example of industrious sleeplessness, we would be quick to see results.
Well, indeed. With research results showing the cumulative effects of sleep loss and its impact on productivity, doubt has been voiced about the accuracy of Steel's self-assessment. Her output may be undeniable, but sceptics have suggested that she is guilty of erasing the role of ghostwriters (代笔人) at worst, gross exaggeration at best.
Steel says working 20 hours a day is "pretty brutal physically." But is it even possible? "No," says Maryanne Taylor of the Sleep Works. While you could work that long, the impact on productivity would make it hardly worthwhile. If Steel was routinely sleeping for four hours a night, she would be drastically underestimating the negative impact, says Alison Gardiner, founder of the sleep improvement programme Sleepstation. "It's akin to being drunk."
It's possible that Steel is exaggerating the demands of her schedule. Self-imposed sleeplessness has "become a bit of a status symbol", says Taylor, a misguided measure to prove how powerful and productive you are. Margaret Thatcher was also said to get by on four hours a night, while the 130-hour work weeks endured by tech heads has been held up as key to their success.
That is starting to change with increased awareness of the importance of sleep for mental health."People are starting to realise that sleep should not be something that you fit in between everything else," says Taylor.
But it is possible—if statistically extremely unlikely—that Steel could be born a“short sleeper”with an unusual body clock,says sleep expert Dr.Sophie Bostock.“It'sprobably present in fewer than 1% of the population.”
Even if Steel does happen to be among that tiny minority,says Bostock,it's“pretty irresponsible”to suggest that 20-hour days are simply a question of discipline for the rest of us.
46.What do we learn from thepassage about Glamour magazine readers?
A)They are intrigued by the exotic romance in Danielle Steel's novels.
B)They are amazed by the number of books written by Danielle Steel.
C)They are deeply impressed by Danielle Steel'sdaily work schedule.
D)They are highly motivated by Danielle Steel's unusual productivity.
47.What did the business news website Quartz say about Danielle Steel?
A)She could serve as an example of industriousness.
B)She proved we could liberate ourselves from sleep.
C)She could be an inspiration to novelists all over the world.
D)She showed we could get all our work done without sleep.
48.What do sceptics think of Danielle Steel's work schedule claims?
A)They are questionable.
B)They are alterable.
C)They are irresistible.
D)They are verifiable.
49.Whatdoes MaryanneTaylor think of self-imposed sleeplessness?
A)It may turn out to be key toa successful career.
B)It may be practiced only by certain tech heads.
C)It may symbolise one's importance and success.
D)It may well serve as a measure of self-discipline.
50.How does Dr.Sophie Bostock look at the 20-hour daily work schedule?
A)One should notadopt it without consulting a sleep expert
B)The general public should not be encouraged to follow it.
C)One must be duly self-disciplined to adhere to it
D)The majority must adjust their body clock for it.
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
Organic agriculture is a relatively untapped resource for feeding the Earth's population,especially in the face of climate change and other global challenges.That's the conclusion I reached in reviewing 40 years of science comparing the long-term prospects of organic and conventional farming.
The review study,“Organic Agriculture in the 2lst Century,”is featured as the cover story for the February issue of the journal Nature Plants.It is the first to compare organic and conventional agriculture across the main goals of sustainability identified by the National Academy of Sciences:productivity, economics,and environment.
Critics have long argued that organic agriculture is inefficient,requiring more land to yieldthe same amount of food.It's true that organic farming produces lower yields,averaging 10 to 20 percent less than conventional.Advocates contend that the environmental advantages of organic agriculture far outweigh the lower yields,and that increasing research and breeding resourcesfor organic systems would reduce the yield gap.Sometimes excluded from these arguments is the fact that we already produce enough food to more than feed the world's 7.4 billion people but do not provide adequate access to all individuals
In some cases,organic yields can be higher than conventional.For example,in severe drought conditions,which are expected to increase with climate change in many areas,organic farms can produce as good,if not better,yields because of the higher water-holdingcapacity of organically farmed soils.
What science does tell us is that mainstream conventional farming systems have provided growing supplies of food and other products but often at the expense of other sustainability goals.
Conventional agriculture may produce more food, but it often comes at a cost to the environment.Biodiversity loss, environmental degradation, and severe impacts on ecosystem services have not only accompanied conventional farming systems but have often extended well beyond their field boundaries.With organic agriculture, environmental costs tend to be lower and the benefits greater.
Overall, organic farms tend to store more soil carbon, have better soil quality, and reduce soil erosion compared to their conventional counterparts. Organic agriculture also creates less soil and water pollution and lower greenhouse gas emissions. And it's more energy-efficient because it doesn't rely on synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.
Organic agriculture is also associated with greater biodiversity of plants, animals, insects and microorganisms as well as genetic diversity. Biodiversity increases the services that nature provides and improves the ability of farming systems to adapt to changing conditions.
Despite lower yields, organic agriculture is more profitable for farmers because consumers are willing to pay more. Higher prices, called price premiums, can be justified as a way to compensate farmers for providing ecosystem services and avoiding environmental damage or external costs.
51. What do we learn from the conclusion of the author's review study?
A) More resources should be tapped for feeding the world's population.
B) Organic farming may be exploited to solve the global food problem.
C) The long-term prospects of organic farming are yet to be explored.
D) Organic farming is at least as promising as conventional farming.
52. What is the critics' argument against organic farming?
A) It cannot meet the need for food.
B) It cannot increase farm yields.
C) It is not really practical.
D) It is not that productive.
53. What does the author think should be taken into account in arguing about organic farming?
A) Growth in world population.
B) Deterioration in soil fertility.
C) Inequality in food distribution.
D) Advance in farming technology.
54. What does science tell us about conventional farming?
A) It will not be able to meet global food demand.
B) It is not conducive to sustainable development.
C) It will eventually give way to organic farming.
D) It is going mainstream throughout the world.
55. Why does the author think higher prices of organic farm produce are justifiable?
A) They give farmers going organic a big competitive edge.
B) They motivate farmers to upgrade farming technology.
C) Organic farming costs more than conventional farming.
D) Organic farming does long-term good to the ecosystem.
26.C)【语义判断】备选词中符合以上要求的只有dawned,dawn on sb.意为“使某人开始明白”,由此确定答案为C)dawned。
27.H)【语义判断】在空格所在句中,有三个并列表示原因的结构,根据后面两个不定式短语to keep my life in order和to ease the chaos of the home可知,空格所在处的第一个原因也应与生活安排相关,由此确定 H)logistical“后勤上的”为本题答案。
28.E)【语义判断】空格前一句提到,我想念能够读懂他们的表情并感知到他们一天过得如何。也就是说,作者想念的是能够感知和理解生活细节的能力。因此,空格处需要填入一个表示“感知能力” 或“理解能力”的名词。由此确定E)insight“洞察力,眼光”为本题答案。
29.M)【语义判断】by引出的施动者是talk of...,意为“谈论……话题”,备选项中,contemplate的施动者往往为人,dawn一般不用于被动语态。由此确定M)saturated“使充满”为本题答案。
30.L)【语义判断】含有否定意义前级的副词位于句首时,句子不用部分倒装,故排除undoubtedly。由此确定L)rarely“很少,难得”为本题答案。
31.O) 【语义判断】前一个分句中提到,关于年轻人在家中待更长时间的谈论充斥着懒惰、依赖、年轻人无法振作起来的话题。由While可知,空格所在分句表示作者的情况与第一个分句相反。因此,空格处需要填入一个肯定意义的副词,表示作者与其父母一起生活的时间越长,他们的关系就越牢固。由此确定O)undoubtedly为本题答案,意为“毋庸置疑地,无疑”。
32.J)【语义判断】空格所在句中,noting 后的宾语从句是对主句进行具体的举例说明,该从句中的in the process 对应主句中的when adult children share the family home,表明“亲子关系可能确实会加强和成熟”是“成年子女与家人同住”所产生的积极结果。由此可知,主句谈论的也是成年子女与家人同住可能会产生的积极的结果。因此,J)outcomes“结果,后果”为本题答案。
33.A)【语义判断】空格后一句提到,这段关系中的许多变化因素需要得到承认,而不是寄希望于单纯的时间流逝就能_____将父母与其成年子女联系起来。这是对空格所在句进行解释说明,表明空格所在句也是指牢固的联系并非仅仅随着时间的流逝就能形成。空格处应填入一个含有“联系”意义的名词。由此确定A)bond “联系,纽带”为本题答案。
34.I)【语义判断】该句主句提到,这段关系中的许多变化因素需要得到承认,紧接着用rather than表示转折,表明萨宾娜·瑞德认为不能寄希望于单纯的时间流逝就能将父母与其成年子女联系起来,即仅靠时间流逝,不太可能将父母与成年子女联系起来,除非依赖于神奇的力量。因此,空格处填入的副词意思上应与“神奇地”有关。由此确定I)magically“神奇地,如魔法般地”为本题答案。
35.K)【语义判断】上文提到,多年以来,权力动态已发生了变化,不再由一方是给予者而另一方是接受者来定义。由此可知,空格所在句指出要承认决定关系的因素已改变,其目的是避免退回到青少年时期父母与子女相处的模式,即一方是给予者而另一方是接受者。因此,空格处填入的名词意思上应与“模式”有关。由此确定K)patterns“模式”为本题答案。
36.【定位】由题干中的family physicians、telemedicine 和duly paid定位到D) 段最后一句。
D)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到,在一项针对 1,500名家庭医生的调查中,只有15%的医生在他们的实践中使用过远程医疗,但是90%的人表示,如果能得到适当的补偿,他们愿意这样做。题干中的An overwhelming majority对应定位句中的90%,题干中的duly paid 是对定位句中appropriately reimbursed的同义转述,故答案为D)。
37.【定位】由题干中的cmployers,telemedicine service, benefit和convenience定位到H) 段第一句。
H)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到,很多卫生计划和公司都急于提供并推广这些服务,作为计划成员在不离开家或工作的情况下获得医疗保健的一种便捷的方式。题干中的are eager to是对定位句中 have rushed to的同义转换,题干中的convenience是对定位句中a convenient way 的同义转述,故答案为H)。
38.【定位】由题干中的Different states 和markedly different regulations定位到E)段第二句。
E)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到,州与州之间在定义和管理远程医疗的规则上差别很大。题干中的markedly different regulations是对定位句中 differ widely的同义转述,故答案为E)。
39.【定位】由题干中的regions和short of professional medical service定位到B)段倒数第二句。
B)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到,远程医疗还能为难以获得医疗知识的地区提供更好的护理。由此可知,通过远程医疗,在缺乏专业医疗服务的地区,患者也能够获得更好的医疗护理。题干中的regionsshort of professional medical service是对 定位句中places where medical expertise is hard to come by的同义转述,故答案为B)。
40.【定位】由题干中的employers and health plans和 insurers定位到K)段第二句。
K)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到,虽然企业和医疗计划一直渴望着支付虚拟的紧急护理诊疗费用,但当医生使用电话、电子邮件或视频向现有患 者咨询持续的问题时,保险公司却极不愿意支付远程医疗费用。题干中的Unlike employers and health plans是对定位句中While employers and health plans have been cager to cover virtual urgent-care visits的归纳概括,题干中的reluctant是对定位句中far less willing的同义转述,故答案为K)。
41.【定位】由题干中的 supporters、medical practice licenses和valid定位到O)段第二句。
O)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到,在迎来这一举措的同时,一些远程医疗提倡者更希望各州能够自觉尊重彼此的执照,就像他们对待司机驾照那样。题干中的Some supporters of telemedicine是对定位句中some telemedicine advocates的同义转述,题干中的 accept 是对定位句中honor的同义转述,故答案为O)。
42.【定位】由题干中的fastest growing area和for lesser health problems定位到G)段第二、三句。
G)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到,远程医疗中增长最快的服务将消费者与他们从未谋面的临床医生联系起来,进行电话、视频或电子邮件诊疗,按照需求,一周七天24小时在线。通常情况下,这些是针对非紧急问题的。题干中的The fastest growing area 是对定位句中The fastest-growing services的同义转述,题干中的lesser health problems是对定位句中nonemergency issues的同义转述,故答案为G)。
43.【定位】由题干中的opponents 和 service quality 定位到F) 段第一句。
F)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到,一些批评者也 在质疑医疗质量能否与远程医疗的迅速扩展保持一致。题干中的opponents 是对定位句中Some critics的同义转述,题干中的 service quality can be guaranteed是对定位句中the quality of care is keeping up with the rapid expansion of telemedicine的归纳概括,故答案为F)。
44.【定位】由题干中的 results 和 researchers who pretended to be patients定位到I)段第三句。
I)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到,在最近的一项研究中,研究者装作有皮肤问题的病人从16个远程医疗站点寻求帮助,结果令人不安。题干中的 who pretended to be patients 是对定位句中 posing as patients 的同义转述,题干中的 disturbing是对定位句中unsettling results的同义转述,故答案为I)。
45.【定位】由题干中的different states have different regulations 和 hinders the development of telemedicine定位到N)段第三句。
N)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句提到,一些业内人士认为,拥有50套不同的规则、许可费以及甚至是对于 “医疗实践”的定义,在远程医疗时代都不太合理,并正在阻碍其发展。题干中的different states have different regulations是对定位句中having 50 different sets of rules,licensing fees and even definitions of“medical practice”的归纳概括,题干中的hinders the development是对定位句中hampering its growth的同义转述,故答案为N)。
46.【定位】由题干中的Glamour magazine定位到第一段第二句。
C)【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到,在《魅力》杂志 最近的一篇人物专访中,对她20小时工作制一笔带过的描述却引发了人们的倾慕之情。由此可知,丹妮尔·斯蒂尔高强度的日常工作安排引发了《魅力》杂志读者的倾慕之情,也就是说给读者们留下了深刻的印象,故答案为C)。
47.【定位】由题干中的 the business news website Quartz定位到第三段。
A)【精析】细节辨认题。定位段指出,商业新闻网站Quartz将斯蒂尔作为鼓舞人心的榜样,写道:如果我们都效仿她“实际上极其释放自我”的勤奋不眠的例子,我们将很快就会看到成效。由此可见,Quartz将斯蒂尔作为鼓舞人心的榜样,想让人们效仿她的勤奋不眠,也就是说,Quartz认为斯蒂尔可以作为勤奋的榜样,故答案为A)。
48.【定位】由题干中的sceptics定位到第四段第二、 三句。
A)【精析】推理判断题。第四段第二句提到,人们开 始对斯蒂尔自我评估的准确性表示怀疑。紧接着第三句指出,怀疑者认为她的过失从最坏的情况来看是抹杀了代笔人的作用,从最好的情况来看则是过于夸张。由此可知,怀疑者质疑斯蒂尔20小时工作制的准确性,即认为她所说的这个工作时间表是有问题的,故答案为A)。
49.【定位】由题干中的 Maryanne Taylor 和self-imposed sleeplessness定位到第六段第二句。
C)【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出泰勒的观点:自我强加的失眠“已成为一种地位的象征”。由a statussymbol可知,泰勒认为自我强加的失眠可能象征一个人的重要性和成功,故答案为C)。
50.【定位】由题干中的Dr.Sophie Bostock 和20-hour daily work schedule定位到第九段。
B)【精析】推理判断题。定位段提到,博斯托克表示,即使斯蒂尔恰好属于这极少数的人群,但认为20小时工作制对我们其他人而言仅仅是一个纪律问题,这是“相当不负责任的”说法。由此可见,博斯托克认为20小时工作制对公众而言不仅仅是一个纪律问题,鼓励公众这么做是非常不负责任的,也就是说他并不鼓励公众遵循每天20小时的工作安排,故答案为B)。
51.【定位】由题干中的conclusion和the author's review study 定位到首段。
B)【精析】推理判断题。首段第二句提到,这是作者在综述了40年以来对比有机耕作和传统耕作长期前景的科学研究后得出的结论。该句主语That指代的是前一句的内容,也就是说作者的综述研究结论是:有机农业是一种相对未开发的地球人口粮食资源,特别是在面对气候变化和其他全球性挑战时。由此推断,有机农业可以被开发利用以解决全球人口的粮食问题,故答案为B)。
52.【定位】由题干中的critics '和organic farming定 位到第三段第一、二句。
D)【精析】细节辨认题。第三段第一句指出,长期以来,批评人士一直认为有机农业效率低下,需要更多的土地才能产出等量的粮食。紧接着第二句进 一步强调有机耕作的产量确实较低,平均比传统耕作少10%到20%。由此可见,批评人士反对有机农业的理由是它并非高产,故答案为D)。
53.【定位】由题干中的 arguing about organic farming 和题文同序原则定位到第三段最后一句。
C)【精析】推理判断题。第三段前两句提到,批评人士认为有机农业低产。第三句指出,支持者认为
有机农业的环境优势远超低产。定位句提到,有时被排除在这些争论之外的事实是:我们已经生产了足够的粮食来养活全世界74亿人口,但却未向所有个人提供获得粮食的适当途径。由此可见,作者认为这个被排除在讨论之外的事实应被纳入考虑,而未向所有个人提供获得粮食的适当途径表明粮食分配并不平等,故答案为C)。
54.【定位】由题干中的conventional farming定位到第五段。
B)【精析】推理判断题。定位段提到,科学的确告诉了我们,主流的传统耕作系统已经提供了日益增长的粮食和其他产品供给,但往往是以其他可持续发展目标为代价。由此可知,传统农业的发展是以牺牲其他可持续发展目标为代价,也就是说传统农业不利于可持续发展,故答案为B)。
55.【定位】由题干中的higher prices和justifiable定位到最后一段最后一句。
D)【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到,较高的价格,被称为价格溢价,可以作为一种合理的补偿农场主提供生态系统服务和避免环境破坏或外部成本的方式。由此可知,有机农产品高价的合理性是因为高出的价格被用来补偿农场主提供生态系统服务,也就是说有机耕作对生态系统有好处,故答案为D)。