英语四级阅读，作为大学英语能力的重要评估指标，不仅检验了学生对词汇、语法的掌握，更考察了其阅读理解和信息筛选的能力。在全球化背景下，提升这一能力对于拓宽视野、增进跨文化交流至关重要。今天，小编将分享2022年12月大学英语四级阅读真题以及答案（卷一），希望能为大家提供帮助！
Section A
Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for eachblank from a list of choices given in aword bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Researchers,writing in the journal Heart,pooleddata from 23 studies and found thatsocial isolation or feelings of loneliness were tied to an increased risk of coronary heart disease(冠心病)and strokes.
The studies included data from 181,006 men and women ages 18 and over.Therewere 4,628 coronary events and 3,002 strokes in follow-up periods 26 from three to 21 years.Three of the papers 27 loneliness,18 looked at social isolation and two included both.Social isolation and loneliness were determined with questionnaires;the researchers depended on medical records and death 28 for determining coronary events and strokes.
The scientists found that loneliness and social isolation increased the 29 risk of having a heart attack or a death from heart disease by 29 percent,and the risk of stroke by 32 percent.There were no 30 between men and women.
“People have tended to focus from a policy pointof view on 31 lonely people to makethem more 32 ,”said the lead author,Nicole K.Valtorta,a research fellow at the University of York in England. “Our study 33 that if this is a risk factor,thenwe should be trying to prevent the risk factor in the first place.”
The authors 34 that this was a review of observational studies and did not 35 cause and effect.
A)acknowledge I) narrow
B)certificates J)permanent
C)connected K)produces
D)demonstrates L)ranging
E)differences M)relative
F)establish N)submitting
G)formats O)targeting
H)measured
答案解析
26.L)【语义判断】空格所在句的意思是，在_____3年到21年的随访期间，有4,628例冠心病发作和3.002例中风。因此本空应填入表达某个范围意义的动词-ing 形式，由此确定答案为L)ranging“在某范围内变化”。备选的其他动词均没有此含义，因此排除。
27.H)【语义判断】空格所在句的意思是，其中3篇论文_____瓜独感，18篇论文研究了社交隔离和2篇包含两者。可知，本句介绍的是有几篇论文研究了孤独感，又因为本段动词用的是过去时态，因此本空应填入含有“研究”意义的动词-ed 形式，由此答案为H)measured“衡量”。备选的其他动词均没有此含义，因此排除。
28.B)【语义判断】空格所在句的意思是，研究人员依靠医疗记录和死亡_____来确定冠心病发作和中风。根据常识可知，人在死亡后会有相应的证明和记录，因此本空应填入含有“证明、记录”意义的名词，由此确定答案为B)certificates。备选的其他名词均没有此含义，因此排除。
29.M)【语义判断】空格所在句的意思是，科学家们发现孤独和社交隔离会使心脏病发作或死于心脏病的_____ 风险增加29%,中风的风险增加32%。此题无法直接根据句意判断所填词的意思，适合用排除法。在备选形容词中，D)narrow “狭窄的” 和J)permanent“永久的”均不符合句意，由此确定答案为M)relative“相对的”。
30.E)【语义判断】空格所在句的意思是，男性和女性之间没有_____。备选项中，只有E)differences“差异，不同”符合句意，因此答案为E)differences。备选的其他名词复数形式均没有此含义，因此排除。
31.O)【语义判断】空格所在句的意思是，从政策的角度来看，人们倾向于关注_____孤独的人。由句意可知，孤独的人是人们关注的对象，因此本空应填入含有“关注、聚焦”意义的动词-ing形式，由此确定答案为O)targeting。targeting与 focus on意 义相近，因此翻译时做了简化处理，targeting没有单独翻译出来。备选的其他动词-ing形式均没有此含义，因此排除。
32.C)【语义判断】空格所在句的意思是，从政策的角度来看，人们倾向于关注孤独的人，让他们与他人更加_____ 。由句意可知，本空应填入与lonely “孤独的”意义相反的形容词，由此确定答案为C)connected“相关的，关联的”。备选的其他形容词均没有此含义，因此排除。
33.D)【语义判断】空格所在句的意思是，我们的研究_____,如果这是一个风险因素，那么我们应该首先努力预防风险因素。由句意可知，that从句是研究的结果，因此本空应填入含有“说明，表明”意义的动词以说明研究结果，由此确定答案为 D)demonstrates。备选的其他动词中，A)acknowledge有类似含义，但是属于动词原形，主谓不一致，而其他备选动词均无此含义，因此排除。
34.A)【语义判断】空格所在句的意思是，作者们_____这是对观察性研究的回顾。由句意可知，that从句说明的是作者们的观点，因此本空应填入能够表达观点的动词，由此确定答案为A)acknowledge“承认”。备选的其他动词中，D)demonstrates 有类似含义，但是属于第三人称单数形式，主谓不一致，而其他备选动词均无此含义，因此排除。
35.F)【语义判断】空格所在句的意思是，作者们承认这是对观察性研究的回顾，并没有_____因果关系。由句意可知，本研究只是梳理了其他研究，没有阐述孤独与增加冠心病或中风的风险之间的因果关系。备选项中，只有F)establish “建立；证实” 符合句意。备选的其他动词原形均没有此含义，因此排除。
Section B
Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Fach paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2.
The hidden costs colleges don't want you to know about
A)This fall,thousands of college studentsfrom across thecountry will begin their undergraduate studies at colleges around the nation.They will inevitably pack too much tofit in their tiny dorm rooms.They will also carry with them a huge student loan debt,in addition tocountless “hidden”out-of-pocket costs paid for by their bank accounts and the bank accounts of their families.
B)At my well-respected,private,four-year university in Washington,D.C.,which boasts a yearly tuition of $44,046 not including room andboard,I receive over $57,000 yearly in financial aid.As a student from a family that is struggling to make ends meet,my financial aid package is a combination of federal grants and federal work study,university merit scholarships and financial aid awards,and about $8,000 yearly in federally subsidized(有补贴的) and unsubsidized loans.On paper,my expenses and my financial aid justabout even out.Off paper,they don't.
C)Universities todayare in the business of making money,and mine is no exception.They hit me right out of gate with a $160 fee to attend my freshman orientation,a price which does not include the cost of travel to and from the District.Almost every class has an associated fee not included in the cost of tuition,most between $40 and $100.Fees for lab science classes are the highest,and all students at my university are required to take at least one lab before they graduate.Buying a laptop proved a necessity and,thankfully,a relative bought me one as a gift.Renting a mini-fridge for my dorm room costs my roommates and me about $140 a vear.
D)Schools will charge you whatever they can.The costs of any damage to the dorm,including elevators, bathrooms,and common areas,are billed to every person on a dorm floor,or cven the entire building if they do not know who caused the damage.After I fell out of my bed twice during my freshman year,theuniversity installed a railing—for $20,billed to my student account.My financial aid did not anticipate any of these costs,and so it did not cover them.
E)An Internet search of "hidden costs"of college turns up a host of articles on parent-centered websites onthe college application process.These articles are almost always geared towards upper-and middle-class families.For students alreadystruggling to pay tuition,these costs may be the least of their worries.
F)So what hiddencosts should low-income students really be paying attention to?My college experience offers a few examples.
G)If you are a low-income student who will beattending school out-of-state,make sure you know if you can use your state benefits,suchas the Supplemental Nutrition AssistanceProgram,or SNAP.It wasn't until after I had accepted admission to an out-of-state school that I learned that I could not usemy Ohio Medicaid on campus for anything other than emergency care.My benefits became invalid the sccond I moved out of Ohio.After my freshman year,I had to opt for the school's insurance plan,which costs around $2,000 a year.Even if your school offers a flat-rate fee for a doctor's appointment at the student health center(mine is $20 a visit),these fees often do not include extra fees for lab tests or prescription medications(药物)。
H)If you plan on payingoff bills in your student account with a credit card,be aware of any additional costs.Myschoolcharges an additional fee for the use of a credit card to settle outstanding charges,which can add upwards of 3%of the balance to your bill
I)There is anotherdepressing reality hidden within even the largest financial aid packages:Colleges often offer the most generous packages during freshman year as a way to attract new students.My family was careful to ask about the chances of financial aid being taken away after my freshman year. We were assured that,except for low grades or a raise in family income,no money would be taken away.Wedid not know to ask—and the school did not readily point out—that even if tuition rises,my financial aid package will stay the same.So when my university voted to raise tuition costs 3%atthe end of my freshman year,my financial aid package remained the same and I was suddenly responsible for an additional $1,200 for the next year.The university administration will likely vote to raise costs at least once morebefore my graduation.
J)Yes,I chose to attend an expensive university far from my hometown.Yes,there were cheaper options.But there are promising students from strugglingfamilies across the nationwho should not rule out theirdream schools entirely.All things considered,I am paying significantly less than the ticket price of my university,andhaving an educational experience in Washington,D.C.,that I would not have had anywhereelse.As a low-income student from a down-and-out Rust Belt community,these educational experiences have enormous potential to brighten my future—and my family's future.
K)The key is to make sure that students and their families understand that hidden costs exist,and that they may prove problematic.Fill out a more comprehensive checklist,and be wary of listed prices that seem too low.Understand just how complicated the financial aid process is.
L)Students and families must also understand their ability to self-advocate.They should not pay student bills or excess fees blindly.If something does not look right,ask about it.If it still doesn't look right,negotiate it.In cases where parents are working multiple jobs,are less knowledgcable about college bureaucracies,have limited English language skills,or are not contributing financially to their child's education,the burden of self-advocacy will fall on the student.I understand the difficulty,and the embarrassment.But it isnecessary.
M)In the grand scheme of things,however,colleges also mustcometo understand that the hidden fees theyask for mayprove unmanageable for the very kinds of low-income or first-generation students they are trying desperately to attract.
36.Studens' financial aid remains unchanged even when tuition rises.
37.Students may not be able to enjoy their state benefits when they go to college out of the state.
38.The financial aid the author receives is supposed to cover all her college expenses.
39.When the person who damages dorm facilities is not identified,studentsare required to share the cost.
40.Though it is difficult and embarrassing,students should make inquiries about what fees they have to pay and why.
41.Today,many Americans have to go to college on student loans.
42.Receiving education in a private university in the nation's capital may change the author's future life and that ofher family's.
43.Students may no longer be qualified for financial aid if they perform poorly in school or if their family income has increased.
44.In addition to tuition,college students have to pay extra fees for the courses they take.
45.Some schools charge students a fee to their student accounts for using credit cards to pay bills.
答案解析
36.【定位】由题干中的 financial aid、remains unchanged和tuition riscs定位到I)段第四句。
I)【精析】同义转述题。定位句提到，我们并不知道要去询问_____校也没有打算指出_____即使学费上涨，我的补助计划依旧保持原样。第五句接着用事实证明，来年学费增长了3%,但经济补助还是和原来的一样。题干中的financial aid和tuition rises 在定位句中直接出现，题干中的remains unchanged对应定位句中的stay the same和第五句中的remained the same,故答案为I)。
37.【定位】由题干中的state benefits和go to college out of the state定位到G)段第二、三句。
G)【精析】细节归纳题。定位句指出，直到我被一所州外的学校录取以后，我才知道除了急救护理，我不能在校园里使用我在俄亥俄州的医疗补助。我的福利在我离开俄亥俄州的那一刻就失效了。题干是对定位句的概括总结，故答案为G)。
38.【定位】由题干中的The financial aid the author receives和cover all her college expenses定位到B)段第三、四句。
B)【精析】同义转述题。定位句指出，从理论上来看我的支出和财政补助基本持平。实际而言，并非如此。题干中的cover是对定位句中even out的同义转述。题干中的is supposed to意为“应该是”,用于表示某事本应发生而没有发生，这与定位句中的On paper和Off paper表达含义一致，故答案为B)。
39.【定位】由题干中的damages dorm facilities、not identified 和 students are required to share the cost定位到D)段第二句。
D)【精析】同义转述题。定位句指出，宿舍的任何损坏，包括电梯、浴室和公共区域，都会向该楼层的所有学生征收费用，如果他们不知道是谁导致的损坏，甚至会向整栋楼收费。题干中的damages dorm facilities对应定位句中的any damagetothe dorm, 题干中的not identificed对应定位句中的do no know,题干中的students are required to share the cost对应定位句中的billed to everyperson,故答案为D)。
40.【定位】由题干中的difficult and embarrassing和make inquiries定位到L)段。
L)【精析】细节归纳题。定位段第三、四句指出，如果有些事情看起来不对劲，那就要询问。如果还是不妥，那就协商一下。接着表示，如果父母身兼数职，不太了解大学里的官僚制度，英语水平有限， 或是没有为孩子的教育提供经济支持，那么自我辩护的重担就落在了学生身上。但这是必要的。定位段中提及的“自我辩护”即对所收费用是否合理进行询问或协商，题干是对定位段的总结概括，故答案为L)。
41.【定位】由题干中的on student loans 定位到A)段第三句。
A)【精析】细节推断题。定位句指出，除了由他们自己的银行账户和他们家人的银行账户支付的无数 “隐性”自付费用外，他们还将背负巨额的学生贷款债务。题干中的studen loans对应定位句中的student loan debt,故答案为A)。
42.【定位】由题干中的changethe author's future life and that of her family's定位到J)段最后一句。
J)【精析】同义转述题。定位句指出，作为一名来自穷困潦倒的铁锈地带社区的低收入学生，这些教育经历有巨大的潜力照亮我的未来——以及我家庭的未来。题干中的change the author's future life and that of her family's 是对定位句中 brightenmy future—and my family's future 的同义转述，故答案为J)。
43.【定位】由题干中的no longer be qualified for financial aid 、perform poorly in school和 family income has increased定位到I)段第三句。
I)【精析】同义转述题。定位句指出，除非成绩很差或家庭收入增加，否则不会取消补助。题干中的perform poorly in school 对应定位句中的low grades,题干中的family incomehas increased对应定位句中的a raise in family income,故答案为I)。
44.【定位】由题干中的 In addition to tuition和pay extra fes for the courses they take 定位到C)段第三句。
C)【精析】细节推断题。定位句指出，几乎每门课都有一笔不包含在学费里的相关费用，大多数在40美元到100美元之间。题干中的In addition to tuition对应定位句中的not included inthe cost of tuition, 题干中的pay extra fees for the courses they take对应定位句中的Almost every class has an associated fee,故答案为C)。
45.【定位】由题干中的charge studentsa fee和 using credit cards to pay bills定位到H)段第二句。
H)【精析】同义转述题。定位句指出，我的学校对使用信用卡结算未支付费用额外收费，这可能会在你的账单上增加3%以上的费用。题干中的charge students a fee 对应定位句中的charges an additional fee,题干中的using credit cards to pay bills对应定位句中的the use of a credit card to settle outstanding charges,故答案为H)。
Section C
Directions: Thereare 2 passagesin this section.Fach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For eachof them there are four choices marked A),B),C)andD).You should decideon the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 arebased on the followingpassage.
To write his 2010 book,The 5-Factor World Diet,nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiestcountries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing.
He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds,and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal.Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was,compared with many other countries.
For starters,Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries.“We don't prioritize eating seasonally orlocally,and we also add lots of salt,sugar and thickening agents toour foods,”explained Pasternak.Contrast that tothe healthy Mediterranean,Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak'sbook.They all seem to stick to the ethos(特质)of regional,seasonalproduce.
For example,a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits,vegetables,whole grains,nuts and olive oil as the main components ofnutritional intake.Fish,chicken and red wine make moderate appearances,while red meat,salt and sugar are used much less often.The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the1970s,and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight,lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes.
Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event—say,multiple courses around the family table,or a glassor twoof red wine at a long lunch—as opposed tohastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal abovethe kitchen sink and calling it dinner.
Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature.But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed.“The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American,”said Pasternak.“So really, regardles of whatyou're eating,if someone's walking four miles more than you each day,they're going to be a lot thinnerand live a lot longer than you.”
46.What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods?
A)Variety.
B)Flavor
C)Color.
D)Naturalness.
47.What is typicalof Americans in the way of cating?
A)They emphasize nutrition.
B)They tend to cat quite a lot.
C)They prioritize convenience.
D)They care about flavors.
48.What features in Mediterranean,Nordic and Okinawan diets?
A)Fruits and vegetables.
B)Olive oil and red wine
C)Seasonal local produce.
D)Unprocessed ingredients.
49.What do people in most healthy cating cultures have in common?
A)They get the whole family to eat at a table.
B)They cat their meals regularly and punctually.
C)They consume plenty of cereal for brcakfast.
D)They attach great importance to their meals.
50.Compared with the average American,people in healthy societies
A)walk at least 4 miles a day.
B)do considerably more walking.
C)pay more attention to body shape.
D)consume a lot more organic food.
答案解析
46.【定位】由题干中的Japanese and Chinese foods定位到第二段第一句。
A)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，他注意到日本人吃很多种类的海藻，而中国人则会在每餐中纳入至少5种颜色的食物。由此可见，不管是日本人还是中国人，在饮食上的特点都是种类丰富，故答案为A)。
47.【定位】由题干中的Americans in the way of eating定位到第三段第一句。
B)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，美国人比其他国家的人饭量更大，也就是说，他们吃的更多一些故答案为B)。
48.【定位】由题干中的 Mediterranean,Nordic and Okinawan diets定位到第三段最后两句。
C)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，他将此和健康的地中海饮食、北欧饮食和冲绳饮食进行了对比 这些地方的饮食看似都坚持了地方性和季节性农产品的特质，故答案为C)。
49.【定位】由题干中的most healthy eating cultures定位到第五段。
D)【精析】细节辨认题。第五段提到，很多其他的健康饮食文化也会把吃饭视为一件大事。比如，在家庭餐桌上吃上几道菜，或者在一顿漫长的午餐中喝一两杯红酒，而不是匆忙地在厨房水槽旁狼吞虎咽地吃下几把麦片，然后称之为晚餐。也就是很重视 每一餐的质量，故答案为D)。
50.【定位】由题干中的peoplein healthy societies定 位到最后一段第二、三句。
B)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，帕斯捷尔纳克确实注意到，在他观察的所有健康社会中，有一个统一的因素。“在这些健康国家中，唯一的共同点是他们走路的时间都比一般美国人走路时间多。” 故答案为B)。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels sad,angry or surprised is key to getting along with others.But a new studysuggests that being sensitive to people's feelingsmay sometimes come with an extra dose of stress.This and otherresearch challenge the prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly beneficial to its bearer.
In a study,psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt of the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management in Germany asked 166 male universitystudents a series of questions to measure their emotional intelligence. For example,they showed the students photographsof people's faces and asked them to what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust were being expressed.The students then had to give job talks in front of judges who displayed serious facial expressions.The scientists measured concentrations of stress hormones in the students'saliva(唾液)before and after the talk.
In students who were rated moreemotionally intelligent,the stress measures increased more during the experiment and took longer to go backto baseline.The findings suggest that some people may be too emotionally clever for their own good,says Bechtoldt.“Sometimes you can be so good at something that it causes trouble,"she notes.
Indeed,the study adds to previous research hinting at a dark side of emotional intelligence.A study publishedin 2002 in Personality and Individual Differences suggested that emotionally perceptive people might be particularly influencedby feelings of depression and hopelessness.Furthermore,several studies have implied that emotional intelligence can be used to maninulate others for personal gains.
More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence and stress would play out in women and in people of different ages and education levels.Nevertheless,emotional intelligence is a useful skill to have,as longas you learn to also properly cope with emotions—both others' and your own,says Bechtoldt.For example,some sensitive individuals may assume responsibility for other people's sadness or anger,which ultimately stresses themout.Remember,as Bechtoldt says,“you are not responsible for how other people feel.”
51.What is the finding of the new study?
A)Emotional intelligence helps people get along with others.
B)Emotional intelligence is generally beneficial to its bearer.
C)People who are aware of others'feelings may experience more stress.
D)People who are emotionally stressed may have trouble making friends.
52.What was the purpose of psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt's experiment?
A)Todefine different types of human feelings.
B)To assess the impacts of being emotionally clever.
C)To demonstrate how to distinguish different feelings.
D)To identify gender differences in emotional intelligence.
53.What does thefinding of Myriam Bechtoldt'sstudy indicate?
A)Greater emotional cleverness means less trouble in one's life.
B)Emotional intelligence helps people suceed in job interviews.
C)People's psychological wellbeing is related to various factors.
D)People may suffer from having a high emotional intelligence.
54.What do we learn about emotional intelligence from a number of studies?
A)Peoplesuffering from depression are emotionally immature.
B)People who look at the dark side of life often feel depressed.
C)Some people may take advantage of it and benefit themselves.
D)Some people may lack it and are easily manipulatedby others.
55.What does the author suggest sensitive individuals do?
A)Avoid burdening themselves with others'feelings.
B)Rid themselves of worries over worldly affairs.
C)Learn to cope with people's negative feelings.
D)Help people to deal with their troubles in life.
答案解析
51.【定位】由题干中的the finding of the new study定位到第一段第二句。
C)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出， 一项新研究表明，对他人的感受过于敏感有时候也会让人平添一些额外的压力。故答案为C)。
52.【定位】由题干中的purpose和psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt's experiment定位到第二段第一句。
B)【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，心理学家米利亚姆·贝赫托尔特在一项研究中询问了166名男学生一系列问题，来衡量他们的情商。第二段也提到，科学家们在演讲前后分别测量了这些学生唾液中压力激素的浓度。综合以上信息可以推断，实验的目的是评估情商的影响，故答案为B)。
53.【定位】由题干中的the finding of Myriam Bechtoldt's study定位到第三段第二、三句。
D)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，贝赫托尔特认为，这些发现表明有些人可能在情感上过于聪明， 而这对自己没有什么好处；有时候你可能在某些方面太擅长以至于也会带来麻烦。故答案为D) 。
54.【定位】由题干中的a number of studies定位到第四段最后一句。
C)【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，一些研究也指出，情商可以用来操纵他人以获得个人利益，故答案为C)。
55.【定位】由题干中的the author 和sensitive individuals 定位到最后一段最后两句。
A)【精析】细节辨认题。由定位句可知， 一些敏感的人也许会为他人的悲伤或气愤承担责任，最终让自己压力重重。作者用贝赫托尔特的话对敏感的人提出了建议，即不必对他人的感受负责，故答案为A)。
