英语四级阅读，作为大学英语能力的重要评估指标，不仅检验了学生对词汇、语法的掌握，更考察了其阅读理解和信息筛选的能力。在全球化背景下，提升这一能力对于拓宽视野、增进跨文化交流至关重要。今天，小编将分享2020年9月大学英语四级阅读真题以及答案（卷一），希望能为大家提供帮助！
Section A
Directions: In this section,there is a pasage with ten blanks.You are required to select one wond for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
There're three main types of financial stress people encounter.The first type is apparent in people being stressed about the 26 ups and downs of investment markets actually not so much the ups, but 27 the downs.These people are usually unable or unprepared to endure the long haul.
The next common type of financial stress is that caused by debt.In a 28 percentage of cases of debt-induced financial stress,credit cards and loans will be a central element.Often there'll be a car loan and perhaps a mortgage,but credit cards often seem to be the gateway to debt-related financial difficultices for many.
The third type of stress and 29 the least known is inherited financial stress,which is the most destructive.It is experienced by those who have grown up in households where their parents regularly 30 and fought about money.Money therefore becomes a stressful topic,and so the thought of sitting down and planning is an unattractive 31 .
Those suffering inherited financial anxiety 32 to follow one of two patterns.Either they put their head in the sand:they would 33 examining their financial statements,budgeting,and discussing financial matters with those closest to them.Alternatively,they would go to the other 34 ,and micro-analyze everything,to the point of complete 35 .They're convinced that whatever decision they make will be the wrong one.
A)appearance F)extreme K)proposition
B)argued G)inaction L)rebelled
C)avoid H)incredibl M)statement
D)considerable I) normal N)tend
E)definitely J)possibly O)traditional
答案解析
26.I)normal。 详解：形容词辨析题。空格前有定冠词the,后面是名词词组ups and downs,因此本空 应填入形容词。空格所在句介绍第一种财务压力，即由投资市场(比如股票)的起伏带来的压力，而股 票等投资总是有涨有跌的，这是很正常的，因此本空应填入含有“正常的，平常的”意义的形容词，故本 题答案为I)normal。
27.E)definitely。 详解：副词辨析题。空格所在部分与 actually not so much the ups 构成并列结构，the ups前面有副词词组not so much 修饰，因此本空应填入副词。空格所在的并列结构与破折号前 面的内容密不可分，是对ups and downs of investment markets的进一步解释。由常识可知，人们并 不担心股票的上涨，而下跌则一定会造成压力，因此本空应填入含有“一定，确定”意义的副词，故本题 答案为E)definitely。
28.D)considerable 。 详解：形容词辨析题。空格前有不定冠词a, 后面是名词percentage, 因此本空应填入形容词。本段介绍第二种财务压力，即由债务带来的压力，其中信用卡债务占主要因素。本段最 后一句提到，虽然有汽车贷款或房屋抵押贷款带来的债务，但是对很多人来说是信用卡债务带来了财 务困难。由此可知，在由债务导致的财务压力中，很多情况下信用卡和贷款是主要原因。因此本空应填入含有“多的，大的”意义的形容词，故本题答案为D)considerable。
29.J)possibly。 详解：副词辨析题。空格后而是形容词最高级the least known,因此本空应填入副词。 第三段介绍了第三种财务压力——继承性财务压力。文章在介绍前两种压力时，分别用到了apparent“明显的”和common “普遍的”,而介绍第三种压力用到的形容词是the least known“最不为人知的”。 由此可知，相对于前两种压力而言，第三种压力可能是最鲜为人知的，因此本空应填入含有“也许，可 能”意义的副词，故本题答案为J)possibly。
30.B)argued。 详解：动词辨析题。空格处与后面的fought about构成并列谓语，因此本空应填入动 词的过去式。本句说明了父母因为钱而争辩的人会承受继承性压力。因此本空应填入与 fought about“对……争辩”意义相近的动词，故本题答案为B)argued。
31.K)proposition。 详解：名词辨析题。空格前有形容词unattractive, 因此本空应填入名词。由本段 可知，由于父母因为钱而争吵不休，导致子女认为金钱是带有压力的话题，因此规划财务的想法对他们没有吸引力。本空与“the thought of…”形成照应，因此本空应填入含有“想法，主张”意义的名词，故本题答案为K)proposition。
32.N)tend 。 详解：动词辨析题。suffering inherited financial anxiety 是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰those,空格所在句子缺少谓语动词，因此本空应填入动词。本段介绍了承受继承性财务压力的人遵 循的两种模式，但是这种划分并不是完全绝对的，因此本空应填入含有“通常，倾向于”意义的动词，故 本题答案为 N)tend。
33.C)avoid。 详解：动词辨析题。空格前有情态动词 would,因此本空应填入动词原形。本句介绍了 第一种模式，这些人put their head in the sand,该短语的字面意思是“把头埋进沙子里”,这一习语的 来源是：鸵鸟在遇到危险时会把头埋进沙子里，它们认为这样就能避开危险，后引申为“逃避现实”。 空格所在句对此进行进一步解释，他们会避免做一切与财务相关的事情。故本题答案为C)avoid 。 备选项中，N)tend也为动词原形，但是tend与to do连用，因此排除。
34.F)extreme。 详解，名词辨析题。空格前是形容词 other, 因此本空应填入名词。本句介绍承受继 承性财务压力的人遵循的第二种模式，这些人会对所有事情进行细致入微的分析，与第一种避免做一 切与财务相关的事情的人相比，这是另一种极端。因此本空应填入含有“极端”意义的名词，故本题答案为F)extreme,
35.G)inaction。 详解：名词辨析题。空格前是形容词complete,因此本空应填入名词。由最后一句可 知，第二种人确信，他们所做的任何决定都是错误的，因此他们虽然细致分析了所有事情，但是仍然什么也不做，因此本空应填入含有“不作为”意义的名词，故本题答案为 G)inaction。
Section B
Diredions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding lertter on Answer Sheet 2 .
Doctor's orders:Let children just play
A)Imagine a drug that could enhance a child's creativity and critical thinking.Imagine that this drug were simple to make,safe to take,and could be had for free.The nation's leading pediatricians(儿科医生) say this mirade compound exists.In a new clinical report,they are urging doctors to prescribe it liberally to the children in their care.
B)“This may seem old-fashioned,but there are skills to be learned when kids aren't told what to do,” said Dr.Michael Yogman,a Harvard Medical School pediatrician who led the drafting of the call to amms.Whether it's rough physical play,outdoor play or pretend play,kids derive important lessons from the chance to make things up as they go,he said.
C)The advice,issued Monday by the American Academy of Pediatrics,may come as a shock to some parents.After spending years freting(烦恼)over which toys to buy,which apps to download and which skill-building programs to send their kids to after school,letting them simply play or better yet,playing with them could seem like a step backward.The pediatricians insist that it's not.The academy's guidance does not include specifie recommendations for the dosing of play.Instead,it asks doctors to advise parents before their babies turn two that play is essential to healthy development.
D)“Play is not silly behavior,”the academy's report declares.It fosters children's creativity, cooperation,and problem-solving skills all of which are critical for a 21st-century workforce.When parents engage in play with their chidren,it builds a wall against the harmful effects of all kinds of stress,including poverty,the academy says.In the pediatricians'view,essentially every life skill that's valued in adults can be built up with play."Collaboration,negotiation,decision-making,creativity, leadership,and increased physical activity are just some of the skills and benefits children gain through play,"they wrote.The pediatricians'appeal comes as kids are being squeezed by increasing academic demands at school and the constant invasion of digital media.
E)The trends have been a long time coming.Between 1981 and 1997,detailed time-use studies showed that the time children spent at play declined by 25 percent.Since the adoption of sweeping education reforms in 2001,publie schools have steadily increased the amount of time devoted to preparing for standardized tests.The focus on academic “skills and drills”has cut deeply into recess (课间休息)and other time for free play.
F)By 2009,a study of Los Angeles kindergarten classrooms found that five-year-olds were so burdened with academic requirements that they were down to an average of just 19 minutes per day of "choice time,”when they were pemmitted to play freely with blocks,toys or other children.One in four Los Angeles teachers reported there was no time at all for “free play.”Increased academic pressures have left 30 percent of U.S.kindergarten classes without any recess.Such findings prompted the American Academy of Pediatrics to issue a policy statement in 2013 on the“crucial role of recess in school.”
G)Pediatricians aren't the only ones who have noticed.In a report titled "Crisis in the Kindergarten,"a group of educators,health professionals and child advocates called the loss of play in early childhood “a tragedy,both for the children themselves and for our nation and the world.”Kids in play-based kindergartens“end up equally good or better at reading and other inte llectual skills,and they are more likely to become well-adjusted healthy people,"the Alliance for Childhood said in 2009.Indeed,new research demonstrates why playing with blocks might have been time better spent,Yogman said.The trial assessed the effectiveness of an early mathematics intervention(干预)aimed at preschoolers.The results showed almost no gains in math achievement.
H)Another playtime thief:the growing proportion of kids'time spent in front of screens and digital devices,even among preschoolers.Last year,Common Sense Media reported that children up through age eight spent an average of two hours and 19 minutes in front of screens each day,including an average of 42 minutes a day for those under two.This increase of digital use comes with rising risks of obesity,sleep deprivation and cognitive (认知的) , language and social-emotional delays,the American Academy of Pediatrics warned in 2016.
I)“I respect that parents have busy lives and it's easy to hand a child an iPhone,”Yogman said.“But there's a cost to that.For young children,it's much too passive.And kids really learn better when they're actively engaged and have to really discover things."
J)The decline of play is a special hazard for the roughly 1 in 5 children in the United States who live in poverty.These 14 million children most urgently need to develop the resilience (韧劲) that is cultivated with play.Instead,Yogman said,they are disproportionately affected by some of the trends that are making play scarce:academic pressures at schools that need to improve test scores,outside play areas that are limited or unsafe,and parents who lack the time or energy to share in playtime.
K)Yogman also worries about the pressures that squeeze playtime for more affluent kids."The notion that as parents we need to schedule every minute of their time is not doing them a great service,"he said.Even well-meaning parents may be“robbing them of the opportunity to have that joy of discovery and curiosity the opportunity to find things out on their own.”
L)Play may not be a hard sell to kids.But UCLA pediatrician Carlos Lerner acknowledged that the pediatricians'new prescription may meet with skepticisn (怀疑)from parents,who are anxious for advice on how to give their kids a leg up in the world.They should welcome the simplicity of the message,Lerner said.“It's liberating to be able to offer them this advice:that you spending time with your child and letting him play is one of the most valuable things you can do,"he said.“It doesn't have to involve spending a lot of money or time,or joining a parenting group.It's something we can offer that's achievable.They just don't recognize it right now as particularly valuable."
36.Increased use of digital devices steals away children's playtime.
37.Since the beginning of this century,an increasing amount of time has been shifted in publie schools from recess to academic activities.
38.It has been acknowledged that while kids may welcome pediatricians'recommendation,their parents may doubt its feasibility.
39.According to some professionals,deprivation of young children's playtime will do harm not only to children themselves but to the country and the world.
40.By playing with children,parents can prevent them from being harmed by stress.
41.Playing with digital devices discourages kids from active discovery,according to pediatrician Dr.Michael Yogman
42.The suggestion of letting children simply play may sound like going backwards to parents who want to help build their children's skills.
43.Dr.Michael Yogman believes the idea that parents should carefully schedule children's time may not be helpful to their growth.
44.One quarter of teachers in an American city said that children in kindergartens had no time for playing freely.
45.According to a pediatrician,no matter what kind of play children engage in,they are learning how to create things.
答案解析
36.H)译文：数字设备使用的增加偷走了孩子们的游戏时间。
定位:由题干中的digital devices,steals away和playtime定位到文章H) 段第一句：Another playtime thief:the growing proportion of kids' time spent in front of screens and digital devices,even among preschoolers.
详解：细节辨认题。定位句提到，另一个监走游戏时间的小偷，即孩子花在手机屏幕和数字设 备前的时间越来越长。题干中的increased use of digital devices对应原文中的the growing propor tion of kids'time spent in front of screens and digital devices,故答案为H)。
37.E) 译文：自本世纪初以来，公立学校把越来越多的时间从课间休息转向学术活动。
定位：由题干中的an increasing amount of time 、publie schools 、recess 和academie activities 定位到文章E) 段第三、四句：Since the adoption of sweeping education reforms in 2001,public schools have steadily increased the amount of time devoted to preparing for standardized tests. The focus on academic "skills and drills"has cut deeply into recess(课间休息)and other time for free play.
详解：概括归纳题。定位句指出，自2001年全面推行教育改革以来，公立学校已稳步增加了准 备标准化考试的时间。人们将对学术“技能和训练”的注意力放到课间休息和其他自由活动的时 间。题干中的 since the beginning of this century对应定位句中的 since the adoption of sweeping education reforms in 2001,而题干中的 an increasing amount of time has been shifted in public schools from recess to academic activities 是对定位句中 public schools have steadily increased the amount of time devoted to preparing for standardized tests.The focus on academic“skills and drills”has cut deeply into recess (课间休息)and other time for free play 的概括归纳，故答案为E)。
38.L)译文：人们承认虽然孩子们可能会乐于接受儿科医生的建议，但他们的父母可能会怀疑其可行性。
定位：由题干中的 acknowledged 、pediatricians' 、parents 和 doubt 定位到文章L) 段第一、二 句：Play may not be a hard sell to kids.But UCLA pediatrician Carlos Lerner acknowledged that the pediatricians'new prescription may meet with skepticism (怀疑) from parents,who are anxious for advice on how to give their kids a leg up in the world.
详解：概括归纳题。定位句指出，让孩子们接受玩游戏可能不难，但可能会遭到家长们的质疑， 他们急切地希望得到如何助孩子一臂之力的建议。题干中的kids may welcome pediatricians' recommendation 对应定位句中的“Play may not be a hard sell to kids.”,而题干中的 their parents may doubt its feasibility 是对定位句中 the pediatricians'new prescription may meet with skepticism(怀疑)from parents,who are anxious for advice.on how to give their kids a leg up in the world 的概括归纳，故答案为L)。
39.G) 译文：据一些专业人士认为，剥夺幼儿的游戏时间不仅对儿童自身有害，而且对国家和世界都有害。
定位：由题干中的professionals、young children's playtime、children themselves和 the world 定位到文章G)段第二句：In a report titled “Crisis in the Kindergauten,”a group of educators, health professionals and child advocates called the loss of play in early childhood"a tragedy, both for the children themselyes and for our nation and the wodd. "
详解：同义转述题。定位句指出，在一份题为“幼儿园危机”的报告中， 一群教育工作者、医疗专 家和儿童倡导者称，无论是对儿童自身，还是对我们的国家和世界来说，幼儿时期的游戏缺失都是 “一场悲剧”。题干中的according to some professionals 是对定位句中 a group of educators, health professionals and child advocates called 的概括归纳，而题干中的 deprivation of young children's playtime will do harm not only to children themselves but to the country and the world是对定位句中 the loss of play in early childhood"a tragedy,both for the children themselves and for our nation and the world.”的同义转述，故答案为 G)。
40.D)译文：通过和孩子玩耍，父母可以防止他们受到压力的伤害。
定位由题干中的 playing with children、parents 、harmed 和stress 定位到文章 D) 段第三句： When parents engage in play with their children,it builds a wall against the harmful efiects of all kinds of stress,including poverty,the academy says.
详解：同义转述题。定位句指出，美国儿科学会说，当父母和孩子们一起游戏时，这就为孩子筑 起了一堵墙，以抵御包括贫困在内的各种压力带来的有害影响。题干中的 by playing with children是对定位句中when parents engage in play with their children 的同义转述，而题干中的 prevent them from being harmed by stress 是对定位句中 builds a wall against the harmful effects of all kinds of stress,including poverty 的概括归纳，故答案为D)。
41.I) 译文：儿科医生迈克尔·尤格曼博士说，玩数字设备会阻碍孩子的积极探索。
定位：由题干中的discovery 和Michael Yogman 定位到文章I)段：“I respect that parents have busy lives and it's easy to hand a child an iPhone,"Yogman said."But.there's a cost to that. For young children,it's much too passive.And;kids really leam better when they're actively engaged and have to really discover things."
详解：概括归纳题。定位句指出，尤格曼认为，父母因为忙碌而让孩子玩手机是有代价的。对 小孩子来说，玩手机太被动了。当孩子们积极参与并真正发现事物时，他们可以学得更好。换言 之，玩手机等数字设备会阻碍孩子主动探索事物。题干是对定位段的概括归纳，故答案为I)。
42.C) 译文：对那些想帮助孩子培养技能的父母来说，只是让孩子们游戏玩耍的建议听起来像在退步。
定位：由题干中的letting children simply play、backwards、parents 和skills定位到文章 C)段第二句：After spending years fretting(烦恼)over which toys to buy,which apps to download and which skill-building programs to send their kids to after school,letting them simply play— or better yet,playing with them—could seem like a step backward.
详解：概括归纳题。定位句指出，多年来，家长们一直在为买什么玩具、下载哪些应用程序、让 孩子放学后去参加哪些技能培养项目而烦恼，与这些相比，单纯让他们游戏——或者更好的是，与他们一起游戏似乎像是后退了一步。题干中的 the suggestion of letting children simply play 和sound like going backwards分别是对定位句中letting them simply play—or better yet, playing with them和could seem like a step backward 的同义转述，题干中的 parents who want to help build their children's skills 是对定位句中spending years fretting(烦恼)over which toys to buy,which apps to download and which skill-building programs to send their kids to after school 的概括归纳，故答案为C)。
43.K)译文：迈克尔·尤格曼博士认为，父母应该仔细安排孩子的时间这样的观念可能对他们的成长并没有帮助。
定位：由题干中的 the idea、schedule children's time 和 may not be helpful定位到文章K) 段 第二句：“The notion that as parents we need to schedule every minute of their time is not doing them a great service,"he said.
详解：同义转述题。定位句指出，尤格曼认为，父母需要为孩子安排他们每一分钟的时间这样 一种观念其实并不是在帮他们。题干中的 the idea that parents should carefully schedule children's time 和may not be helpful分别是对定位句中the notion that as parents we need to schedule every minute of their time 和not doing them a great service 的同义转述，故答案为K)。
44.F)译文：在美国的一个城市，四分之一的教师说幼儿园里的孩子没有时间自由地游戏玩耍。
定位；由题干中的 one quarter of teachers 、no time 和playing freely 定位到文章 F) 段第二句： One in four Los Angeles teachers reported there was no time at all for“free play.”
详解：同义转述题。定位句指出，洛杉矶四分之一的教师表示根本没有时间让孩子们“自由地 游戏”。题干中的one quarter of teachers in an American city 和had no time for playing freely 分别是对定位句中 one in four Los Angeles teachers 和 there was no time at all for “free play.”的同义转述，故答案为F)。
45.B) 译文：儿科医生认为，无论孩子们参加哪种游戏，他们都在学习如何创造事物。
定位：由题干中的 play、chldren、learming和 create things定位到文章B段第二句：Whether it's rough physical play,outdoor play or pretend play,kids derive important lessons from the chance to make things up as they go,he said.
详解：细节辨认题。定位句指出，尤格曼认为，无论是剧烈的体能活动、户外运动，还是装扮游 戏，孩子们都能在边游戏边创作东西的过程中学到重要的一课。题干中的no matter what kind of play是对定位句中whether it's rough physical play,outdoor play or pretend play 的概况归纳， 题干中的leaning how to create things 是对定位句中derive important lessons from the chance to make things up as they go 的同义转述，故答案为 B)。
Section C
Directions:There are 2 pasxiges in this section.Each pasxage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding le tter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets,gym memberships and plastic surgery.
Trying to live up to the images of “perfect”models and movie heroes has a dark side:anxiety, depression,as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain.It also has a financial cost. Having an eating disorder boosts annual health care costs by nearly US$2,000 per person.
Why is there both external and internal pressure to look "perfect"?One reason is that society rewards people who are thin and healthy-looking.Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income.Especially for women,there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese.Some studies have also found an impact for men,though a less noticeable one.
While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image,no one had explored the other side of the question.Does a person's own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace?
Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.
As in other research,women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight they think they're heavier than they are while men tend to under-perceive theirs.
We found no relationship between the average person's self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes,although self-perceived weight can influence self-esteem (自尊心),mental health and health behaviors.
While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating,our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.
Since employers'perception of weight is what matters in the labor market,changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help.Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height.We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.
46.What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?
A)Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.
B)Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.
C)Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.
D)Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance.
47.What have researchers found out about people's earnings?
A)They are closely related to people's social status.
B)They have to do with people's bodly weight and shape.
C)They seem to matter much less to men than to women.
D)They may not be equal to people's contributions.
48.What does the author's recent study focus on?
A)Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace.
B)Traits that matter most in one's pursuit of success in the labor market.
C)Whether self-perception of body image impacts one's workplace success.
D)How boses'perception of body image impacts employees'advancement.
49.What is the finding of the author's recent research?
A)Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.
B)People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight.
C)Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.
D)Gender inequality continues to frustrate a lot of female employees.
50.What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?
A)Banning discrimination on the basis of employees'body image.
B)Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.
C)Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.
D)Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.
答案解析
46. 根据作者所说，什么可能会对人们产生负面影响?
A) 为了追求美而接受整形手术。
B) 模仿英雄和榜样的生活方式。
C) 不考虑财务成本，力求完美。
D) 试图满足社会对外表的期望。
定位：由题干中的adverse impact 定位到第二段第一句：Trying to live up to the images of “perfect”models and movie heroes has a dark side;anxiety,depression,as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain.
详解：推理判断题。文章第二段第一句指出，力求达到模特和电影英雄式的完美形象具有不良的影响，会导致一系列问题。由此可见，试图满足社会对外表的期望会产生负面影响，故答案为D)。
[干扰项排除] A) 项中提到的整形手术只是追求完美体型的一种方式，和D) 项相比，不够全面，故排除A)项；第二段第一句只是提到力求达到模特和电影英雄式的完美形象，并未提及模仿他们的生活方式的内容，故排除 B)项；定位句只提到追求完美形象的问题，且全文都只是围绕体型进行探讨，C) 项中的perfection 意义太宽泛，与文章内容不符，故排除。
47.关于人们的收入，研究人员发现了什么?
A) 它们与人们的社会地位密切相关。
B) 它们与人的体重和体型有关。
C) 它们对男性来说似乎不如对女性重要。
D) 它们可能不等同于人们的贡献。
定位：由题干中的 people's earmings 定位到第三段第三句：Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income.
详解：事实细节题。文章第三段第三句提到，研究人员发现，体重指数与工资和收入有关，由此可知，人们的收入与体重和体型有关，故答案为B。
[干扰项排除]文章中没有提到社会地位和收入的关系，故排除A) 项；文章第三段第四、五句指出体 重对女性收入的影响较男性更明显一些，并不是说收入对男性不重要，故排除C) 项；D)项中提及的贡献问题文中没有提到，故排除。
48.作者最近的研究重点是什么?
A) 先前关于职场竞争力指标的文献。
B) 职场上追求成功最重要的品质。
C) 对身体形象的自我认知是否会影响一个人的职场成功。
D) 老板对身体形象的认知如何影响员工的进步。
定位：由题干中的 the author's recent study focus on 定位到第五段：Our recentty published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.
详解：推理判断题。文章第五段指出，作者团队最近公布的研究回答了这个问题，因此应从上一段找出这个问题是什么。显然，第四段最后一句就是作者的研究重点，即一个人对自己身体形象的看法 是否会影响他的收入和其他职场中成功的指标，故答案为C)。
[干扰项排除]文章第四段第一句指出，虽然研究文献清楚地表明劳动力市场的成功在一定程度上取 决于雇主和顾客对你身体形象的看法，但没有人探究过这个问题的另一面，而这才是作者研究的重点， 因此排除A);B) 项在文中未提及，故排除；由第四段第一句可以看出D) 项所述是前人已经研究过的， 而非作者的研究重点，故排除。
49.作者最近的研究发现是什么?
A) 事实上，超重并不会对员工的总体幸福造成太大伤害。
B) 人们在工作场所不会因为对自己体重的错误认知而受到不良影响。
C) 自尊有助于防止职场中的性别不平等。
D) 性别不平等继续使许多女雇员感到沮丧。
定位：由题干中的 finding of the author's recent research 定位到第八段：While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating,our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.
详解：事实细节题。文章第八段提到，尽管劳动力市场上持续存在性别歧视，但作者的研究发现，对体重的错误认知并不会对劳动者造成伤害，故答案为B)。
[干扰项排除]文中未提及超重对员工总体幸福的影响，故排除 A) 项；文章第七段提到，对于体重的自我认知会影响自尊心，并未提及自尊心是否有助于防止职场中的性别不平等，故排除C) 项；D) 项所述是现实情况，并非作者的研究发现，故排除。
50.作者认为什么有助于改善劳动力市场的状况?
A) 禁止基于员工身体形象的歧视。
B) 扩大保护，使妇女免受性别歧视。
C) 帮助员工改变自己对美的看法。
D) 在劳动合同中把体型类别排除在外。
定位：由题干中的 help improve the situation 定位到最后一段第一句：Since employers'perception of weight is what matters in the labor market,changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help.
详解：推理判断题。最后一段第一句指出，由于雇主对体重的看法是影响劳动力市场的重要因素， 因此修改反歧视法规，将体型加人其中作为一个类别，将会有所帮助。由此可见，禁止对员工身体形象的歧视将有助于改善现状，故答案为A)。
[干扰项排除]文章最后一段指出，要扩大保护，禁止对体重体型的歧视，并未提及性别歧视，故排除 B)项；C) 项文中未提及，故排除；D) 项涉及劳动合同的内容，文章没有提到，故排除。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are basel on the following passage.
The work-life balance is dead.By this,I'm not advocating that you should give up your pursuit of having a fulfiling career and a thriving peronal life,and I'm definitely not saying that you have to give up one to have the other.I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem,but I'm arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful,because it's too limiting.You see,our language makes a difference,and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.
At the minimum,most of us work because we want to be able to support ourselves,our families,and the people around us.In the ideal world,we're all doing work that we're proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us.But even if your job doesn't give you shivers of joy each new day,working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society.When you separate work and life, it's a little bit harder to make that connection.But when you think of work as part of a full life and a complete experience,it becomes easier to see that success in one aspect often supports another.
Losing your balance and falling isn't pleasant.A goal to balance suggests that things could quickly get off balance,and that causes terrible outcomes.It's more constructive to think of solutions that continue to evolve over shifts in life and work.Rather than falling or failing,you may have good days or better days or not-so-good days.These variations are normal,and it's more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing,rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.
How we talk to ourselves matters,and how we talk about issues makes a difference.Let's bury“work-life balance”and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.
51.What does the author suggest by saying "The work-life balance is dead"?
A)The hope of achieving a thriving life is impossible to realize.
B)The pursuit of a fulfilling career involves personal sacrifice.
C)The imbalance between work and life simply doesn't exist anymore.
D)The concept of work-life balance contributes little to a fulfilling life.
52.What does the author say about our use of language?
A)It impacts how we think and behave.
B)It changes with the passage of time.
C)It reflects how we communicate.
D)It differs from person to person.
53.What does the author say we do in an ideal world?
A)We do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.
B)We do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.
C)We do meaningful work that contributes to society.
D)We do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.
54.What does the author say about life?
A)It is cyclical.
B)It is dynamic.
C)It is fulfilling.
D)It is risky.
55.What does the author advise us to do?
A)Make life as simple as possible.
B)Talk about balance in simpler terms.
C)Balance life and work in a new way.
D)Strive for a more fulfilling life.
答案解析
51.作者说”工作与生活平衡的说法已经消亡”，表明什么？
A)实现蒸蒸日上的生活的希望是不可能实现的。
B)对事业有成的追求涉及自我牺牲。
C)工作和生活的失衡不再存在。
D)工作与生活平衡的概念对充满成就的生活几乎作用不大。
定位)由题干中的work-tfe balarce is dead定位到第一段第一句：The work-lhie balance is dead.
详解：推理判断题。文章第一句指出，工作与生活平衡的说法已经消亡。因此，本句话的具体涵义可在下文找到，第三句中提到平衡的概念从来没有什么帮助，因为它太局限了。选项 D) 中的 contributes litle和原文中的has never been helpful 相对应，故答案为D)。
[干扰项排除] A) 项文章未提及，故排除；第一段第二句中作者说到，我绝对不是说你必须放弃一个 才能拥有另一个，由此可见，作者并不认为事业有成需要自我牺牲，故排除B) 项 ；C) 项和题干内容矛盾，故排除。
52.作者如何看待我们对语官的使用?
A) 它影响我们如何思考和行动。
B) 它随着时间推移而改变。
C) 它反映我们如何交流。
D) 它因人而异。
定位：由题干中的language 定位到第一段末句：You see,our language makes a difference,and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.
详解：事实细节题。文章第一段末句提到，我们的语言很重要，我们如何谈及事物很重要，因为它影响我们的思维和行动，故答案为A)。
[干扰项排除] B)、C)、D)三项在文中均未提及，故排除。
53.作者如何看待我们在理想世界中做的事?
A) 我们的工作是改善我们的家人和朋友的生活的。
B) 我们所做的工作让我们每个新的一天都充满欢乐。
C) 我们做一些对社会有意义的工作。
D) 我们做要求高的工作，充分发挥我们的能力。
定位由题干中的in an ideal world 定位到第二段第二句：In the ideal world,we're all doing work that we're proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us.
详解：事实细节题。文章第二段第二句指出，在理想的世界里，我们都在做我们引以为豪的工作，这些工作为我们提供意义和目标。下文由but引出的句子对意义进行进一步解释，即工作也是我们每个人所做的事情的一部分，也是我们对社会所做贡献的一部分，故答案为C)。
[干扰项排除] A) 项中提到改善家人和朋友的生活，可对应文章第二段第一句，但此处是对现实生活的 描述，而非理想状况，因此排除A) 项；第二段第三句前半句提到，即使你的工作并没有让你在新的一天里开心到抖动起来，说明我们的工作并不能让我们每天都快乐，故排除B) 项；D) 项文章未提及，故排除。
54. 作者是如何看待生活的?
A) 它是循环的。
B)它是动态的。
C) 它是充实的。
D) 它是冒险的。
定位：由题干中的say about Hfe 定位到文章第三段末句：These variations are normal,and it's more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing,rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.
详解：事实细节题。定位句中的think of life as 对应题干中的say about life,evolving and changing 意为“进化和改变”,其意义和选项B) 中的 dynamic“动态的”对应，故答案为B)。
[干扰项排除] A) 项文中未提及，故排除；C) 项中的fulhilling出现在文中第一段，意为“有成就感的， 令人满意的”,形容事业有成，和生活无关，也并非作者的主观观点，故排除C) 项；D) 项中的 risky可对应定位句中的high-risk, 但其出现在 rather than 之后，说明这是作者不认同的观点，故排除 D) 项。
55.作者建议我们做什么?
A) 让生活尽可能地简单化。
B) 用更简单的术语来谈论平衡。
C) 用一种新的方式来平衡工作和生活。
D) 为一种更令人满意的生活而奋斗。
定位：由题干中的 advise定位到最后一段第二句：Let's bury“worklife balance”and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.
详解：事实细节题。定位句指出，让我们埋葬“工作与生活平衡”的想法，从大处着眼，更好地思考如何让工作和生活充实起来，少做一点平衡，多感受生活，选项D)中的fulhlling对应定位句中的fulfillment,故答案为D)。
[干扰项排除]A) 、B)两项文中均未提及，故排除；C)项与定位句中提到的埋葬“工作与生活平衡”的说法相矛盾，故排除。
