On September 7, 2001, a 68-year-old woman in Strasbourg, France, had her gall bladder（胆囊）removed by surgeons operating via computer from New York. It was the first complete telesurgery procedure performed by surgeons nearly 4,000 miles away from their patient.
In New York, Marescaux teamed up with surgeon Michel Gagner to perform the historic long-distance operation. A high-speed fiber-optic service provided by France Telecom made the connection between New York and Strasbourg. The two surgeons controlled the instruments using an advanced robotic surgical system, designed by Computer Motion Inc., which enabled the procedure to be minimally invasive. The patient was released from the hospital after about 48 hours and regained normal activity the following week.
The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay. It was crucial that a continuous time delay of less than 200 milliseconds be maintained throughout the operation, between the surgeon's movements in New York and the return video (from Strasbourg) on his screen. The delay problem includes video coding decoding and signal transmission time.
France Telecom's engineers achieved an average time delay of 150 milliseconds. "I felt as comfortable operating on my patient as if I had been in the room," says Marescaux.
The successful collaboration（合作）among medicine, advanced technology, and telecommunications is likely to have enormous implications for patient care and doctor training. Highly skilled surgeons may soon regularly perform especially difficult operations through long-distance procedures. The computer systems used to control surgical movement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians. More surgeons-in-training will have the opportunity to observe their teachers in action in telesurgery operating rooms around the world.
Marescaux describes the success of the remotely performed surgical procedure as the beginning of a"third revolution" in surgery within the last decade. The first was the arrival of minimally invasive surgery, enabling procedures to be performed with guidance by a camera, meaning that the abdomen（腹部）and thorax（胸腔）do not have to be opened. The second was the introduction of computer-assisted surgery, where complicated software algorithms（计算法）enhance the safety of the surgeon's movements during a procedure, making them more accurate, while introducing the concept of distance between the surgeon and the patient. It was thus natural to imagine that this distance-currently several meters in the operating room-could potentially be up to several thousand kilometers.
1.The title that best expresses the main idea is "______".
A.How the Second Revolution in Surgery Comes Out
B.The Telesurgery Revolution
C.A Patient Was Saved
D.Dream Comes True
2.The italicized word "telesurgery" (Line 3, Para. 1) can be best explained as_______.
A.an operation done over a distance B.an operation done on television
C.an operation demanding special skill D.an operation demanding high technology
3.How long did it take the patient to resume her normal activity after the operation?
A.24 hours. B.48 hours. C.About a week. D.Almost a month.
4.What is the major barrier to telesurgery?
A.Distance B.Advanced technology.
C.Delay D.Medical facilities.
5.The writer implies that_______.
A.difficult operation can be successfully performed all over the world now
B.compared to the "third revolution" in surgery, the first two are less important
C.all patients can be cured by a gall bladder-removal operation
D.a new breakthrough has been made in surgery
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1.【答案】 B。
【解析】本题考查的是文章的主题思想。总览全文，B项为正确答案。
2.【答案】 A。
【解析】本题可参照文章的第一段。从中可知，这次手术是法国斯特拉斯堡和美国纽约两地的医生通过电脑来共同完成的，因此A项为正确答案。
3.【答案】 C。
【解析】从文中第二段可知，大约48小时后病人就出院了，并且随后的一周内就可以正常行动。因此C项为正确答案。
4.【答案】C。
【解析】本题可参照文中第三段的“The high-speed fiber-optic connection between New York and France made it possible to overcome a key obstacle to telesurgery time delay.”从中可知正确答案为C。
5.【答案】 D。
【解析】 本题可参照文中第五段的“The computer systems used to controlsurgicalmovement can also lead to a breakthrough in teaching surgical techniques to a new generation of physicians.”从中可知正确答案为D。
