An ambitious, concerted plan to raise a nation of nonsmokers is being implemented by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare.
Swedish children born after 1975 will grow up in environments that will be nonsmoking and antismoking as much as possible. General cigarette consumption will cut from 1,700 cigarettes a year per person to 1920 level of under 300 cigarettes a year, according to the 25-year plan.
A campaign to restrict tobacco advertising, raise cigarette prices to over $ 2
a pack, remove cigarette vending machines by 1979, ban pro-smoking content in
films and television programs, restrict public smoking, and give intensive
antismoking education in schools and the military, will promote the goal of a
society which "should be so unfavourable toward smoking that smoking could not arise once again as a major factor harmful to public health. "
By Swedish law, life-insurance premiums (保险费 ) are lowered for nonsmokers. WEST GERMANY
An image-reversing advertising campaign began a few years ago in West Germany whereby it is the nonsmoker who is shown to be living the swinging life previously claimed by the cigarette addict.
A government-sponsored program to warn the public about the dangers of smoking includes an attempt to encourage consideration of the nonsmoker at work and in public places. Tobacco television ads were stopped in 1973.
But there are no firm plans at the federal level to ban smoking in public places, although it is being considered as a legislative proposal. Health experts say that the legally required warning on cigarette packages in the United States has not helped. Hence there are strong doubts about strict laws in the whole area of smoking. The governing idea here is to encourage consideration of others. But this angle of attack (moral persuasion) does not rule out legislation. In two of Germany's 11 states there are laws to protect public employees who do not smoke from their smoking fellow workers. "Smoke breaks" are used to separate the smokers and nonsmokers.
"The nonsmoker today is just as much or more respected than the smoker. " Says one health official, "and this is a success in itself. " GREAT BRITAIN
A television advertising ban in 1965, a health warning on tobacco packages begun in 1971, a 20 percent price rise on cigarettes in 1974, and a constant campaign to isolate pubic smoking in airlines, trains, and other public places have fuelled a forceful antismoking and nonsmokers' program in Britain.
In Ireland, an advertising code bans ads emphasizing the pleasure of smoking, featuring conventional heroes of the young as smokers, or implying that it is less harmful to smoke one brand than another. UNITED STATES
U. S. airlines are subject to $ 1,000 fines for failing to provide a smoke free seat for any passenger who wants one. The Interstate Commerce Commission has made "no smoking" the rule, rather than the exception, on all interstate passenger trains and buses. The Military segregates smokers and no longer distributes cigarette in C rations.
A growing number of restaurants now offer separate areas for nonsmokers. A ban on television and radio cigarette ads, health warnings and restrictions on public smoking in many states and cities make the United States a participant in world nonsmoking and antismoking efforts. The number of U. S. nonsmokers is rising as well.
1. With the world's efforts, more and more smokers have realized the harmful effect of smoking on environment.
2. 30 countries have introduced legislation to restrict smoking, though little has been done in most other countries.
3. The total number of smokers decreases while the number of female smokers increases in most countries.
4. Smokers in Latin America consume more cigarettes than in developed countries.
5. The improved economic situation in developing countries is the explanation of the rising number of smokers there.
6. Both Sweden and Great Britain raised cigarette prices to control the tobacco consumption.
7. The increasing number of nonsmokers in U. S. is the evidence to show that the U. S. antismoking campaign has been successful.
8. Tobacco companies are now getting more profit in______than before.
9. People aboard any flight in U. S. can get a
10. In West Germany, consideration of nonsmokers is ______ in the campaign against smoking.
I. NG 2. Y 3. N 4. N 5. N 6. Y 7. Y
8. in developing countries 9. smoke free seat 10. encouraged
