英语六级听力临场应对及答题方法

长对话和短文听力解题技巧：视听基本一致原则、同义替换原则、特殊词定位原则

　　视听基本一致的含义是指，若听到的原文和看到的选项基本一致，则选项容易为正确。这一点和小对话的原则恰恰相反，请考生一定注意。

　　同义替换原则，同小对话。

　　特殊词定位原则是指，在原文中特殊词(如序数词1st，极端词most、most important、only、all等，逻辑连接词because、since、but、however，以及自问自答的回答部分或直接引语)后面很可能出现正确答案信息。

　　例题：

　　2010年6月六级考试第1道长对话：

　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　19. 答案D

　　A) He wants to sign a long-term contract.

　　B) He is good at both language and literature.

　　C) He prefers teaching to administrative work.

　　D) He is undecided as to which job to go for.

　　20. 答案C

　　A) They hate exams.

　　B) The all plan to study in Cambridge.

　　C) They are all adults.

　　D) They are going to work in companies.

　　21. 答案B

　　A) Difficult but rewarding.

　　B) Varied and interesting.

　　C) Time-consuming and tiring.

　　D) Demanding and frustrating.

　　原文：

　　Conversation 1

　　M: I got two letters this morning with job offers, one from the Polytechnic, and the other from the Language School in Pistoia, Italy.

　　W: So you are not sure which to go for? (第19题答案，视听基本一致与同义替换，not sure替换undecided)

　　M: That’s it. Of course, the conditions of work are very different: The Polytechnic is offering two-year contract which could be renewed, but the language school is only offering a year’s contract, and that’s a different minus. It could be renewed, but you never know.

　　W: I see. So it’s much less secure. But you don’t need to think too much about steady jobs when you are only 23.

　　M: That’s true.

　　W: What about the salaries?

　　M: Well, the Pistoia job pays much better in the short term. I’ll be getting the equivalent of about ￡22,000 a year there, but only ￡20,000 at the Polytechnic. But then the hours are different. At the Polytechnic I’d have to do 35 hours a week, 20 teaching and 15 administrations, whereas the Pistoia school is only asking for 30 hours teaching.

　　W: Mmm…

　　M: Then the type of teaching is so different. The Polytechnic is all adults and mostly preparation for exams like the Cambridge certificates. (第20题答案，特殊词so以及all，结合同义替换的思想) The Language School wants me to do a bit of exam preparation, but also quite a lot of work in companies and factories, and a couple of children’s classes. Oh, and a bit of literature teaching.

　　W: Well, that sounds much more varied and interesting.(第21题答案，完全的视听基本一致) And I’d imagine you would be doing quire a lot of teaching outside the school, and moving around quite a bit.

　　M: Yes, whereas with the Polytechnic position, I’d be stuck in the school all day.

　　Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard:

　　Q19. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

　　Q20. What do we learn about the students at the Polytechnic?

　　Q21. What does the woman think of the job at the Language school?

　　例题：

　　2010年6月六级考试第2道长对话：

　　Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　22. 答案C

　　A) Interviewing a moving star.

　　B) Discussing teenage role models.

　　C) Hosting a television show.

　　D) Reviewing a new biography.

　　23. 答案A

　　A) He lost his mother.

　　B) He was unhappy in California.

　　C) He missed his aunt.

　　D) He had to attend school there.

　　24. 答案B

　　A) He delivered public speeches.

　　B) He got seriously into acting.

　　C) He hosted talk shows on TV.

　　D) He played a role in East of Eden.

　　25. 答案B

　　A) He made numerous popular movies.

　　B) He has long been a legendary figure.

　　C) He was best at acting in Hollywood tragedies.

　　D) He was the most successful actor of his time.

　　原文：

　　Conversation 2

　　Good evening and welcome to tonight's edition of Legendary Lives. Our subject this evening is James Dean, actor and hero for the young people of his time. Edward Murray is the author of a new biography of Dean.(第22题答案，场景题，抓代表词“welcome to +节目名称”等，Studio场景从长对话出现至今在该题型内已出现三次)

　　W: Good evening, Edward.

　　M: Hello Tina.

　　W: Edward, tell us what you know about Dean's early life.

　　M: He was born in Indiana in 1931, but his parents moved to California when he was five. He wasn't there long though because his mother passed away just four years later(第23题答案，注意逻辑关系词though以及because). Jimmy's father sent him back to Indiana after that to live with his aunt.

　　W: So how did he get into acting?

　　M: Well, first he acted in plays at high school, then he went to college in California where he got seriously into acting(第24题答案，视听基本一致). In 1951 he moved to New York to do more stage acting.

　　W: Then when did his movie career really start?

　　M: 1955. His first starring role was in East of Eden. It was fabulous. Dean became a huge success. But the movie that really made him famous was his second one, Rebel Without a Cause, that was about teenagers who felt like they didn't fit into society.

　　W: So how many more movies did he make?

　　M: Just one more, then he died in that car crash in California in 1955.

　　W: What a tragedy! He only made three movies! So what made him the legend he still is today?(该句及上下文各一句构成第25题答案，需要运用视听基本一致并结合一些概括)

　　M: Well I guess his looks, his acting ability, his short life, and maybe the type of character he played in his movies. Many young people saw him as a symbol of American youths.

　　Q22 What is the woman doing?

　　Q23 Why did James Dean move back to Indiana when he was young?

　　Q24 What does the man say James Dean did at college in California?

　　Q25 What do we know about James Dean from the conversation?

　　例题：

　　2010年6月六级考试第2篇短文听力：

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　30. 答案C

　　A) Some of them had once experienced an earthquake.

　　B) Most of them lacked interest in the subject.

　　C) Very few of them knew much about geology.

　　D) A couple of them had listened to a similar speech before.

　　31. 答案B

　　A) By reflecting on Americans' previous failures in predicting earthquakes.

　　B) By noting where the most severe earthquake in U. S. history occurred.

　　C) By describing the destructive power of earthquakes.

　　D) By explaining some essential geological principles.

　　32. 答案C

　　A) Interrupt him whenever he detected a mistake.

　　B) Focus on the accuracy of the language he used.

　　C) Stop him when he had difficulty understanding.

　　D) Write down any points where he could improve.

　　原文：

　　Passage 2

　　Juan Louis, a junior geology major, decided to give an informative speech about how earthquakes occur. From his audience and analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about geology(第30题答案，视听基本一致，定位点为only，anything). Juan realized then that he must present his speech at an elementary level and with a minimum of scientific language. As he prepared the speech, Juan kept asking himself, “How can I make this clear and meaningful to someone who knows nothing about earthquakes or geological principles?” Since he was speaking in the Midwest, he decided to begin by noting that the most severe earthquake in American history took place not in California or Alaska but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811.(第31题答案，视听基本一致，定位点since及案例) If such an earthquake happened today, it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi valley. That, he figured, should get his classmates’ attention. Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of the earthquakes, carefully avoid technical terms. He also prepared visual aids, diagramming photo line, so his classmates wouldn’t get confused. To be absolutely safe, Juan asked his roommate, who was not a geology major, to listen to the speech. “Stop me,” he said, “any time I say something you don’t understand.” Juan’s roommate stopped him four times.(第32题答案，视听基本一致，定位点为举例直接引语) And at each spot, Juan worked out a way to make his point more clearly. Finally, he had a speech that was interesting and perfectly understandable to his audience.

　　Questions 30 – 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　Q30 What did Juan Louis learn from the analysis of his audience?

　　Q31 How did Juan Louis start his speech?