托尔斯泰在政治和军事上做出了什么贡献？他为什么要开始写作

今天的这段对话，在讨论托尔斯泰，

托尔斯泰在政治和军事上做出了什么贡献？他为什么要开始写作

来听今天的讲解:

A: So. Ed. What do you know about this? Tolstoy's history, what do you know about him?

你知道，不只有一个托尔斯泰，他们家是一个俄罗斯名门望族。托尔斯泰家族在俄罗斯的政治、军事、文学和美术方面都留下了不朽的遗产。

B: Tolstoy wasn't just one person, you know.They were a whole family of Russian nobility. The ToLstoy's have left a lasting legacy in Russian politics, military history, literarure, and tine arts.

那时他们有些影响力。好像他们无所不能，不过我们先从政治方面开始……据说彼得•安德烈耶维奇•托尔斯泰是彼得大帝的宠臣。

A: They got around a bit then! Sounds like they did everything. but let's start with the politics . . .  it says here that Peter Andreevich Tolstoy was a member of Peter the Great's party

他们收获了。看似他们什么都做了，但是只是开始，据说托尔斯泰还是彼得大会的成员呢。

B: Yes, he gradually gained Peter's confidence serving first as the Russian ambassador to Constantinople, then as the head of the secret police.

是的，他逐渐赢得彼得的信任，先做了驻君士坦丁堡的俄罗斯大使，后来也担任了秘密警察机构的领导。

A: OK, so what about the military Tolstoy's? I've heard of one called Alexander Ivanovich Tolstoy. He was in the Battle of Chamova in 1807 where his regiment held out for 15 hours against the whole army  commanded by NaPoleon.

噢，那托尔斯泰家族在军事方面呢？我曾经听说过一个叫亚历山大•伊凡诺维奇•托尔斯泰的人，他1807年参加了查诺瓦战役，他的军刚与拿破仑领导的军队对抗达15个小时。

B: It sounds like you know plenty about him already. Let's go on to the literary Tolstoy's, shall we?

听起来你对他已经了解不少了。那我们接着看看文学界的耗尔斯泰，好吗？

A: Leo TolScoy is one of the greatest Russian novelists of the 19th century.  He wrote War and Peacc and Ann  Karenina.

列夫•托尔斯泰是19世纪俄罗斯最伟大的小说家之一，著有《战争与和平》和《安娜•卡列尼娜》。

B: I think those books are the two most famous in the whole world! I wonder why he started writing.

我认为这是全世界最著名的两本书。我想知道他为什么要开始写作。

A: He started his career in the military, he was firrst drawn to writing books when hc scrved in Chechenya, and already his first novel, Kazalry. was somerhing quite unlike anything written before him.

他一开始的职业是军人，在车臣服役时第一次对写书产生了兴趣，写出了第一部小说《哥萨克》，与他之前的人写的那些书大不一样。

B: Oh, I see. OK, on to firie arts. It says here chat there were many Tolstoy's in high society .

哦，我知道了，接下来看看美术方面。据说在上流社会也有很多托尔斯泰家族的人。

A: Yes. Count Feodor Petrovich Tolstoy was one of the most fashionable Russian drawers and painters of the 1820s. Although he prepared fine illustntions,  his true vocation was wax modeling and the design of medals.

是的，费奥多尔•彼德罗维奇-托尔斯泰伯爵是19世纪20年代俄罗斯最受欢迎的制图员和画家之一。尽管他的插图细致精美，但他真正的职业是做蜡铸模，设计奖章。

B: And also, Count Feodor lvanovich Tolstoy who was a notorious drunkard, gastronome, and duellist. It is said that he killed 11 people in duels.

此外，费奥多尔•彼德罗维奇•托尔斯泰伯爵还是个声名狼藉的酒鬼、美食家和决斗专家。据说他在决斗中杀死了11个人。

A: He was involved in a different kind of art though. In 1803 he participated in the first Russian circumnavigation of the Eanh and after he had his body tattooed!

不过他还参与各种不同的艺术创作。1803年他参加了俄罗斯第一届周游地球活动，后来他给自己纹了身。

B: Well, it certainly seems that the Tolstoy's were interesting people, that's for sure.

好了，看起来托尔斯泰家族的人的确很有意思，这一点是肯定无疑了。