双语诗歌翻译|杜甫-《潼关吏》

《潼关吏》是唐代伟大诗人杜甫创作的“三吏三别”之一。此诗借潼关吏之口描述潼关天险，表达了诗人对当初桃林一战溃败的遗憾，希望守关将士们一定要以史为鉴，好好利用潼关天险保卫长安的安全。以缓急有致、神情毕现、形象鲜明的对话描写表现人物的心理和神态，是此诗主要特色。

杜甫 《潼关吏》

士卒何草草，筑城潼关道。
大城铁不如，小城万丈余。
借问潼关吏，修关还备胡？
要我下马行，为我指山隅。
连云列战格，飞鸟不能逾。
胡来但自守，岂复忧西都？
丈人视要处，窄狭容单车。
艰难奋长戟，万古用一夫。
哀哉桃林战，百万化为鱼。
请嘱防关将，慎勿学哥舒。

Officer at the Western Pass

How hard do soldiers work and toil,
Building ramparts on western soil!
Iron-clad bastions high and low
Like walls along the mountain go.
I ask an officer near by
If against foes are built walls high.
He asks me to dismount and look
Around and points to mountain nook.
The forts on the peaks scrape the sky,
Over them even birds can’t fly.
When come the foe, we guard the wall,
There’s no fear for the capital.
He shows me the narrow pass too,
Only single chariots file through.
When guarded with long spear by one,
The fortress can be forced by none.
But defeated at Peach Grove, alas!
Ten thousand men slain at the pass.
Please tell the general guarding here:
Be not defeated as that year!