国际大企业抨击哥本哈根“协议”

全球能源企业对哥本哈根达成的气候协议感到失望和困惑，表示该协议未带来足够的确定性，为削减温室气体排放所需的巨额投资提供依据。

Global energy businesses have been left disappointed and confused by the climate deal agreed in Copenhagen, saying it does not provide enough certainty to justify the huge investments needed to cut greenhouse gas emissions.

由美国和中国等主要经济体在周五晚间达成、但未得到联合国正式采纳的这份协议，作出了限制全球升温幅度的承诺，但并未具体规定实现这一目标的排放上限。

The deal – agreed by major economies including the US and China on Friday evening but not formally adopted by the United Nations – makes a commitment to limit the rise in global temperatures but does not specify caps on emissions to achieve that objective.

欧洲的首席执行官和企业集团对这份协议的批评声尤其响亮。石油天然气集团荷兰皇家壳牌(Royal Dutch Shell)支持限制排放，该集团首席执行官彼得·沃瑟(Peter Voser)表示，还需要“多得多”的内容。

Chief executives and business groups in Europe were particularly critical of the deal. Peter Voser – the chief executive of oil and gas group Royal Dutch Shell, which has supported limiting emissions – said “much more” was needed.

在对抗全球变暖的威胁方面，企业的角色将是关键的。在每年需要的5000亿美元投资中，私营部门预期将提供大约90%。

The role of business will be crucial in fighting the threat of global warming, with the private sector expected to provide about 90 per cent of the 0bn a year investment needed.

这份协议的全部意义，要到新年过后很久才会明朗。

The full significance of the deal will not be known until well into next year.

下月底之前，各国理应在协议文稿中留出的空白处填上计划减排的细节。然后，联合国将安排更多谈判予以跟进，最终达成一部具有法律约束力的全球条约。

Countries are supposed to fill in details of planned cuts in greenhouse gas emissions, left blank in the accord, by the end of next month. The UN is to follow with more talks towards a legally binding global treaty.

但企业表示，明显的是，各国领导人在支持商业战略重大转变方面做得还不够。沃瑟表示：“我们……意识到，这份协议反映了对抗气候变化的真实政治意愿。不过，目前尚不清楚这种政治意愿将如何转化为具体步骤。”

But companies said it was clear that world leaders had not yet done enough to underwrite a radical change in business strategy. Mr Voser said: “We...recognise that the accord reflects a true political willingness to combat climate change. However, it remains unclear how this political willingness will translate into concrete steps.”

欧洲能源集团意昂(Eon)此前承诺，若能在哥本哈根达成有力的协议，该集团将加快自己的减排速度。但该集团首席执行官沃尔夫·伯诺泰特(Wulf Bernotat)警告称，这样的减排力度现在将“取决于”联合国谈判的进一步进展，尤其是美国和中国的表现。

Eon, the European energy group, had pledged to cut its emissions faster if there was a strong deal at Copenhagen. But Wulf Bernotat, its chief executive, warned such cuts would “depend on further progress” in the UN talks, and from the US and China in particular.

德国工业联合会(BDI)总干事维尔纳·施纳普奥夫(Werner Schnappauf)表示，德国企业的反应，可能是把工作岗位转移到环保标准不那么严格的国家。“对我们的企业来说，结果就是，创造一个（全球）公平竞争平台的前景消退了，”他表示。

Werner Schnappauf, managing director of BDI, the German industrial association, said German companies could react by transferring jobs to countries with less strict environmental rules. “The result for our companies is that the creation of a [global] competitive level playing field has receded,” he said.

主张自由贸易的美国商业组织——美国对外贸易委员会(NFTC)敦促美国国会不要对从中国和印度等国进口的产品征收关税，这些国家只同意减缓排放增长，而不是减少排放总量。

The National Foreign Trade Council, a US business group that lobbies for free trade, urged the US Congress not to impose tariffs on imports from countries such as China and India that have agreed only to slow emissions growth, not to cut it.

巴克莱资本(Barclays Capital)的特雷弗·西科尔斯基(Trevor Sikorski)表示，哥本哈根会议未能商定签署条约的时间表，会削弱人们对碳排放市场的信心。“如果说这种结果将对（价格）走势产生影响，那只能是下行的，”他说。

Trevor Sikorski of Barclays Capital said Copenhagen's failiure to agree on a timetable for a treaty would undermine confidence in carbon markets. “If [prices] are going to go in any direction as a result of this, it will be down,” he said.