2022年9月英语六级真题听力第一套（4）
当提及六级听力时，尤其是英语六级真题听力，我们不禁会想起那些考验英语学习者听力理解能力的挑战。作为英语六级考试的重要组成部分，六级听力部分不仅要求考生能够捕捉和识别出基本的语言信息，更需要他们在有限的时间内对复杂的语境进行准确理解，并快速作出反应。小编为大家整理了2022年9月英语六级真题听力第一套Passage 2的内容，希望能对您有所帮助！
英文原文
Passage 2
短文2
Everyone is supposed to cheer for good guys, and we should only punish the bad guys. But that's not what we always do. Most of the time, we do indeed reward good people. We also often punish people who harm others or who aren't good team players. But sometimes, the good guys also get punished or criticized, specifically because they are so good. This seems baffling, because it's detrimental to group cooperation. However, the phenomenon has been discovered in multiple fields and it has been found in every society.
人们通常认为应该为好人喝彩，只惩罚坏人。但事情并非总是如此。大多数情况下，我们确实会奖励好人。我们也经常惩罚那些伤害他人或不是好的团队成员的人。但有时候，好人也会受到惩罚或批评，特别是因为他们太好了。这看起来很令人困惑，因为这不利于团队合作。然而，这种现象已经在多个领域被发现，并且存在于每个社会中。
Why does this happen? Research suggests a simple reason. When one person looks really good, others look bad by comparison. Those others then have an incentive in stopping that person from looking good, especially if they can't or won't compete. After all, we're all judged in comparison with others. When faced with someone better, what can a normal person do? One option is to actively compete. A second option is to bring that person down. That is, to suppress their cooperation or work ethic, and first selfish motives for their actions, or imply real or imagine hypocrisy. Other tactics include attacking them on unrelated dimensions, or punishing them outright.
为什么会这样呢？研究表明了一个简单的原因。当一个人看起来真的很好时，其他人相比之下就会显得不好。那些其他人就有了阻止这个人显得优秀的动机，尤其是如果他们不能或不愿竞争的话。毕竟，我们都是在与他人比较中被评判的。当面对比自己更优秀的人时，一个普通人能做什么呢？一个选择是积极竞争。第二个选择是拉低那个人。也就是说，压制他们的合作或职业道德，首先怀疑他们行为的自私动机，或者暗示他们真正或想象的虚伪。其他策略包括攻击他们不相关的方面，或者直接惩罚他们。
Why does this matter? Critics often attack the motives of people who protect the environment, donate money, or work too hard. Such good deeds are dismissed as naive or hypocritical by those who do not perform those deeds. This criticism may ultimately discourage people from doing good deeds. So it's important to recognize these attacks for what they are.
这为什么重要呢？批评者经常攻击那些保护环境、捐款或工作过度努力的人的动机。那些没有做过这些好事的人，会把这些好事斥为幼稚或虚伪。这种批评最终可能会阻止人们做好事。因此，重要的是要认清这些攻击的本质。
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
问题12至15是基于你刚刚听到的短文。
Question 12: What baffling phenomenon is discussed in the passage?
问题12：文中讨论了什么样的令人困惑的现象？
Question 13: How are we all judged according to the passage?
问题13：根据文章，我们所有人是如何被评判的？
Question 14: What can a normal person do when faced with people who perform better?
问题14：当面对表现更好的人时，一个普通人能做什么？
Question 15: What may discourage people from performing good deeds?
问题15：什么可能会阻止人们做好事？
