植树可以帮助这个城市防止400人过早死亡

植树可以帮助这个城市防止400人过早死亡

Many cities around the world are planting trees as a way to fight climate change.

为了应对气候变化，世界各地的许多城市都在植树。

But they might also reduce our risks of dying early.

但它们也可能降低我们早死的风险。

Scientists say these trees, and other ways to green urban areas, could be just as beneficial to our mental and physical health and reduce the risk of premature death.

科学家们说，这些树木，以及其他绿化城市地区的方法，可能对我们的精神和身体健康同样有益，并降低过早死亡的风险。

New research has put a number on just how many premature deaths could be prevented in one UScity if it were to increase tree cover from 20% to 30% within five years.

一项新的研究表明，如果一个美国城市能在五年内将树木覆盖率从20%提高到30%，就能避免多少人过早死亡。

Philadelphia, America's fifth-largestcity, could help as many as 403 adults a year live longer if it meets its existing target, according to a study published Monday in the journal Lancet Planetary Health. The city's efforts could also yield a nearly $4 billion estimated annual economic benefit.

美国第五大城市费城周一发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上的一项研究显示，如果费城能实现现有的目标，每年将能帮助403名成年人延长寿命。该市的努力还可能产生近40亿美元的年度经济效益。

The authors said there's no reason that other cities, particularly ones in climates similar to Philadelphia, shouldn't benefit to the same extent.

研究报告的作者说，其他城市，尤其是气候与费城相似的城市，没有理由不从中受益。

"Although every city has its own characteristics, this study provides an example for all the cities in the world: Many lives can be saved by increasing trees and greening urban environments, even at modest levels," said Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, the study coordinator and director of the environment and health initiative at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal).

“尽管每个城市都有自己的特点，但这项研究为世界上所有的城市提供了一个范例：即使是在适度的水平上，增加树木和绿化城市环境也可以挽救许多生命，”马克·纽温胡伊森说，研究协调员兼巴塞罗那全球卫生研究所环境与健康倡议主任。

"What's more, green spaces increase biodiversity and reduce the impact of climate change, making our cities more sustainable and more liveable."

“更重要的是，绿色空间增加了生物多样性，减少了气候变化的影响，使我们的城市更可持续，更宜居。”

ISGlobal took part in a systematic review published last year of research involving 8 million people in seven countries that found that urban dwellers who live in close proximity to green space are less likely to die prematurely.

全球卫生研究所参与了去年发表的一项系统性综述，该综述对七个国家的800万人进行了研究，发现居住在绿地附近的城市居民过早死亡的可能性更小。

It can also improve stress levels and increase opportunity for physical activities, she added.

它还可以改善压力水平，增加体育活动的机会。

In this latest research, they found that the more green space the bigger the reduction in premature mortality -- they studied three different scenarios in Philadelphia.

在这项最新的研究中，他们发现，绿色空间越多，过早死亡率下降的幅度越大——他们在费城研究了三种不同的情况。

Data on the city's existing canopy was obtained from aerial and satellite imagery, which allowed the researchers to measure the tree coverage by viewing the crown, leaves, branches and stems of trees from above.

城市现有树冠的数据来自航空和卫星图像，这使得研究人员可以通过观察树冠、树叶、树枝和树干来测量树木的覆盖率。

If the city meets the ambitious 30% goal set by the Philadelphia City Council to increase tree coverage, the study estimated there would be 403 fewer early deaths across the city per year, representing 3% of the mortality rate.

如果这座城市达到了费城市政委员会设定的增加树木覆盖率30%的宏伟目标，研究估计，全市每年早逝的人数将减少403人，占死亡率的3%。

Even if that goal is missed, their analysis showed that a 5% or 10% increase in tree coverage would result in a reduction of 271 or 376 deaths a year, respectively.

即使这一目标没有实现，他们的分析表明，树木覆盖率增加5%或10%，每年将分别减少271或376人的死亡。

While other types of greenery are thought to have health benefits, the study said trees are thought to be particularly beneficial. The study said tree canopy is more effective than other greeneryat reducing air temperatures, and one study from 2017 found that trees were associated with better health compared with grass.

虽然其他类型的绿色植物被认为对健康有益，但研究称树木被认为是特别有益的。该研究称，在降低气温方面，树冠比其他绿叶植物更有效。2017年的一项研究发现，与草相比，树木更健康。

"Achieving this goal does not come without challenges. Large tree planting initiatives are faced with many problems, including losses from climate change, tree pests and invasive species, and urban development," Kondo said.

实现这一目标并非没有挑战。大型植树项目面临许多问题，包括气候变化、树木害虫和入侵物种的损失，以及城市发展，”近藤说。

Trees can benefit our health in several different ways, the study said, citing earlier research. At the individual level, green spaces can make it easier to do physical exercise, and soaking up nature can help reduce stress and improve mental well-being. They can also reduce heat island effects that lead to higher temperatures in built-up areas.

这项研究引用早期的研究结果称，树木可以在几个不同的方面对我们的健康有益。在个人层面，绿色空间可以让人们更容易地进行体育锻炼，吸收自然可以帮助减轻压力，改善心理健康。它们还可以减少导致建筑区域温度升高的热岛效应。

The authors said that experimental work in Philadelphia had shown that "greening interventions" throughout the city led to improved mental health, reduced crime and gun violence.

作者说，费城的实验工作表明，在整个城市实施“绿化干预”有助于改善心理健康，减少犯罪和枪支暴力。