关于2020年人口普查，你需要知道什么

关于2020年人口普查，你需要知道什么

The federal government is trying to get every U.S. household to answer some personal questions for the 2020 census. It's part of a once-a-decade tradition of counting every person living in the U.S.

联邦政府正试图让每个美国家庭为2020年人口普查回答一些个人问题。这是每十年一次的美国人口普查传统的一部分。

Each national head count comes with its own rash of confusion. The 2020 census is the first in the U.S. since the rise of social media and the first U.S. count that's primarily online. For months, the government has been preparing to combat disinformation campaigns that may try to disrupt the count, which is rolling out not only in the middle of a presidential race but also during the coronavirus pandemic.

每个国家的人口普查都伴随着自己的混乱。2020年的人口普查是自社交媒体兴起以来美国的首次人口普查，也是美国首次主要通过网络进行人口普查。几个月来，政府一直在准备打击可能试图扰乱统计结果的虚假信息活动，统计不仅在总统竞选期间展开，而且在冠状病毒大流行期间也在展开。

NPR has been tracking all of the developments to help you figure out what you need to know. Here are some of the most frequently asked questions about the census, answered.

NPR一直在跟踪所有的进展，以帮助你弄清楚你需要知道什么。以下是此次人口普查中最常被问到的问题。

Has the coronavirus pandemic delayed the U.S. census?

冠状病毒大流行是否推迟了美国人口普查?

The outbreak of COVID-19 has forced the Census Bureau to postpone its field operations, but the bureau says it is still collecting information from tens of millions of households.

COVID-19的爆发迫使美国人口普查局推迟了实地调查，但该局表示，他们仍在从数千万家庭中收集信息。

Why is the census important?

为什么人口普查很重要?

The census is required by the Constitution, which calls for an "actual enumeration" once a decade since 1790. The 2020 population numbers will shape how political power and federal tax dollars are shared in the U.S over the next 10 years. The number of congressional seats and Electoral College votes each state gets are determined by census numbers.

人口普查是宪法规定的，自1790年起每十年进行一次“实际统计”。2020年的人口数量将决定美国在未来十年的政治权力和联邦税收如何分配。每个州获得的国会席位和选举人团票数是由人口普查数据决定的。

How is the census taken?

人口普查是如何进行的?

The 2020 count will be the first one to allow all U.S. households to respond online at my2020census.gov. Starting in early April, paper forms are expected to be sent to every household that has been asked to fill out a questionnaire but has not done so, and, for the first time, you can call toll-free numbers to give responses over the phone.

2020年的人口普查将是第一个允许所有美国家庭通过my2020censu .gov进行在线回复的普查。从4月初开始，纸质表格将被发送到每一个被要求填写问卷但没有这样做的家庭，而且，这是第一次，你可以拨打免费电话来进行电话回复。

Who gets counted in the census?

人口普查的对象是谁?

The Census Bureau includes every person living in the U.S. — regardless of citizenship or immigration status. International visitors on vacation or work trips to the U.S. during the census are not included. Residents are counted at the address where they usually live and sleep.

美国人口普查局统计了每一个居住在美国的人，不论他们的国籍或移民身份。人口普查期间前往美国度假或工作的国际游客不包括在内。居民按他们通常居住和睡觉的地址统计。

What questions will the 2020 census ask?

2020年人口普查将提出哪些问题?

Most of the questions will be similar to what census forms have asked for in recent counts:

大多数问题与最近的人口普查表格所要求的类似:

The number of people living or staying in a home on April 1. 2020.

2020年4月1日居住或停留在一个家里的人数。

Whether the home is owned with or without a mortgage or loan, rented or occupied without rent.

房屋是否有抵押贷款，出租或无租金占用。

A phone number for a person in the home.

家里一个人的电话号码。

The name, sex, age, date of birth and race of each person in the home.

家中每个人的姓名、性别、年龄、出生日期和种族。

Whether each person is of Hispanic, Latino.

是否有人是西班牙裔、拉丁裔。

The relationship of each person to a central person in the home.

每个人与家中中心人物的关系。

Can I refuse to answer a census question?

我可以拒绝回答人口普查的问题吗?

You can skip questions, submit an incomplete census form, and still be included in the head count. But you can be fined for refusing to answer a census question or intentionally giving a false answer, although the penalty has rarely been enforced in the past.

你可以跳过问题，提交一个不完整的人口普查表格，仍然包括在人口普查中。但如果你拒绝回答人口普查问题或故意给出错误答案，你可能会被罚款，尽管这种处罚在过去很少被执行。

Are census responses confidential?

普查结果是否保密?

Under current federal law, the bureau cannot share census responses identifying individuals with the public or other federal agencies, including immigration authorities and other law enforcement, until 72 years after the information is collected. The Census Bureau, however, can release anonymized census information about specific demographic groups at a level as detailed as a neighborhood.

根据现行的联邦法律，在信息收集(达到)72年之前，联邦调查局不能向公众或其他联邦机构(包括移民当局和其他执法部门)透露人口普查中确认个人身份的信息。然而，人口普查局可以发布关于特定人口群体的匿名普查信息，其详细程度相当于一个社区。