研究表明，对千禧一代来说，由肥胖引发的癌症正在上升

研究表明，对千禧一代来说，由肥胖引发的癌症正在上升

Cancers fueled by obesity are on the rise among young adults in the United States and appearing at increasingly younger ages, according to an analysis released Monday by the American Cancer Society.

美国癌症协会周一发布的一份分析报告显示，由肥胖引发的癌症在美国年轻人中呈上升趋势，而且出现在越来越年轻的人群中。

The study, published in The Lancet Public Health, examined data on 12 obesity-related cancers between 1995 and 2014. as well as 18 common cancers not associated with weight. They found a disturbing trend among adults age 24 to 49.

这项发表在《柳叶刀公共卫生》杂志上的研究调查了1995年至2014年间12种与肥胖相关的癌症，以及18种与体重无关的常见癌症的数据。他们发现在24到49岁的成年人中有一个令人不安的趋势。

"The risk of cancer is increasing in young adults for half of the obesity-related cancers, with the increase steeper in progressively younger ages," said co-author Ahmedin Jemal, who is the vice president of the Surveillance and Health Services Research Program for the American Cancer Society.

研究报告的撰写者之一、美国癌症协会监督与健康服务研究项目副主任阿赫迈丁•杰马尔说:“在半数与肥胖有关的癌症中，年轻人患癌症的风险正在增加，而且这种增加在年龄越来越小的人群中更为明显。”

The risk, he said, was increasing in a stepwise manner in successively younger people.

他说，在相继出现的年轻人中，这种风险在逐步增加。

"The findings from this study are a warning for increased burden of obesity-related cancer in older adults in the future," said Jemal, "potentially halting or reversing the progress achieved in reducing cancer mortality over the past several decades."

杰马尔说:“这项研究的结果是对未来与肥胖相关的老年人癌症负担增加的一个警告，有可能阻止或逆转过去几十年在降低癌症死亡率方面取得的进展。”

Cancers typically seen in the elderly

癌症通常见于老年人

The six obesity-related cancers that showed startling increases among younger adults were colorectal, endometrial, gallbladder, kidney, pancreatic and multiple myeloma, a cancer of the bone marrow.

在年轻人中，六种与肥胖相关的癌症出现了惊人的增长，分别是结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、胆囊癌、肾癌、胰腺癌和多发性骨髓瘤。多发性骨髓瘤是一种骨髓癌。

Most of these cancers have traditionally shown up in patients later in life, usually in their 60s and 70s.

这些癌症通常出现在晚期，通常在六七十岁。

Obesity is a global epidemic

肥胖是全球性的流行病

Globally, obesity has reached "epidemic proportions," says the World Health Organization, which estimates that more than 1 billion adults are overweight, with at least 300 million of them considered clinically obese.

世界卫生组织表示，在全球范围内，肥胖已达到“流行病的程度”。该组织估计，超过10亿成年人超重，其中至少有3亿人被诊断为临床肥胖。

Millennials are on their way to being one of the heaviest generations on record. Research in the UK shows at least seven in 10 people born between the early 1980s and mid-1990s will likely be overweight or obese by their mid-30s and 40s. Only five in 10 baby boomers were obese at that same age.

千禧一代正在成为有记录以来体重最重的一代之一。英国的一项研究显示，在80年代初至90年代中期出生的人中，至少有七成可能在三四十岁时超重或肥胖。婴儿潮时期出生的人中只有五人在这个年龄肥胖。

In the United States, according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, more than 40% of Americans are obese, as are one in every six children ages 2 to 19.

在美国，根据国家健康和营养调查，超过40%的美国人肥胖，2到19岁的儿童中每六个就有一个肥胖。

The link between fat and cancer

肥胖和癌症之间的联系

Fat cells, known as adiopose cells, do more than store excess calories in the body. They also release hormone-like fatty acids and proteins that affect metabolism, body weight and reproductive functions.

脂肪细胞，被称为脂肪细胞，在体内储存的不仅仅是多余的热量。它们还会释放影响新陈代谢、体重和生殖功能的类激素脂肪酸和蛋白质。

Science is actively trying to discover just how those hormones might contribute to certain cancers.

科学正在积极地探索这些激素是如何导致某些癌症的。

According to Berger, who runs a lab focused on obesity and cancer, one likely theory is that some of those hormones match receptors in certain cancers but not others, thus stimulating tumor growth in cancers that are a good fit.

伯杰管理着一个研究肥胖和癌症的实验室。他说，有一种可能的理论是，某些激素与某些癌症的受体相匹配，而不是与其他受体相匹配，从而刺激了合适的癌症的肿瘤生长。

Regardless of how it happens, science knows the association is real.

不管它是如何发生的，科学都知道这种联系是真实存在的。