报告称，美国每年有近700名妇女死于怀孕或分娩

报告称，美国每年有近700名妇女死于怀孕或分娩

The number of women dying each year due to pregnancy or childbirth in the United States has remained steady and some women remain more at risk of death than others, according to a new government report.

美国政府的一份最新报告显示，美国每年因怀孕或分娩而死亡的妇女人数保持稳定，一些妇女的死亡风险仍然高于其他妇女。

In 2018. the year with the most recent national data, a total of 658 women in the United States died while pregnant or within 42 days of the end of pregnancy, according to new data published in the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Vital Statistics Reports released on Thursday.

根据周四发布在美国疾病控制和预防中心国家生命统计报告上的最新数据，2018年，也就是拥有最新国家数据的一年，美国共有658名女性在怀孕期间或孕期结束后42天内死亡。

Maternal death was defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of being pregnant, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or the management of the pregnancy. These maternal deaths in the new report do not include women who died by suicide or homicide.

孕产妇死亡的定义是指妇女在怀孕期间或孕期后42天内因与怀孕有关或因怀孕或妊娠管理而加重的任何原因而死亡。新报告中的这些孕产妇死亡不包括自杀或他杀的妇女。

In 2018. there were 17.4 maternal deaths per 100.000 live births in the United States, according to the report. When that number was broken down by race and age, significant disparities emerged.

该报告称，2018年，美国每10万活产婴儿中有17.4人死亡。当按种族和年龄来细分这个数字时，出现了明显的差异。

The maternal death rate among black women was 37.1 deaths per 100.000 live births, a rate up to three times the rates for non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women, the report said.

报告称，黑人妇女的孕产妇死亡率为每10万活产死亡37.1人，是非西班牙裔白人和西班牙裔妇女的三倍。

The data also showed the maternal death rate among women 40 and older was 81.9 deaths per 100.000 live births, almost eight times the number for women under 25.

数据还显示，40岁及以上女性的孕产妇死亡率为每10万活产中81.9人死亡，几乎是25岁以下女性的8倍。

"These new data from our colleagues at CDC represent a landmark for this really important topic," said Dr. Janine Clayton, director of the Office of Research on Women's Health at the National Institutes of Health in Washington, DC, who was not involved in the new report.

华盛顿国立卫生研究院妇女健康研究办公室主任简宁·克莱顿博士说：“来自疾病控制与预防中心同事的这些新数据代表了这个非常重要的课题的一个里程碑。”她没有参与这份新的报告。

"It gives us more evidence and more confidence that these maternal mortality rates that we're seeing in the United States -- that are still higher than those of our peer countries -- truly represent a critical public health issue and serious concern for the health of women," she said.

她说:“这为我们提供了更多的证据，也让我们更有信心相信，我们在美国看到的这些孕产妇死亡率——仍然高于我们的同类国家——确实代表了一个重要的公共卫生问题和对妇女健康的严重关切。”

Clayton also addressed the racial disparity in the maternal mortality numbers."We need research to understand why that gap persists and to be able to put in place measures to address factors that increase risk of mortality."

克莱顿还谈到了孕产妇死亡率方面的种族差异。“我们需要研究来理解为什么这个差距持续存在，并能够采取措施来解决增加死亡风险的因素。”

Researchers have known that the maternal death rate in the United States remains a public health concern, and that about 60% of pregnancy-related deaths are preventable without much cost or trouble. And yet, the numbers remain steady.

研究人员已经知道，在美国，孕产妇死亡率仍然是一个公共卫生问题，大约60%的与妊娠相关的死亡是可以避免的，不需要太多的成本或麻烦。然而，这个数字仍然保持稳定。

A shift in how maternal deaths are analyzed

孕产妇死亡分析方式的转变

For the new CDC report, researchers changed the method used to collect and examine data on maternal deaths using death certificates in the United States.

在新的疾病控制与控制中心的报告中，研究人员改变了在美国使用死亡证明收集和检查孕产妇死亡数据的方法。

The new method was used in an effort to "mitigate errors in the pregnancy checkbox" system and "provide an improved estimate of maternal mortality," according to the report.

根据这份报告，使用这种新方法是为了“减轻怀孕复选框系统中的错误”，并“提供更好的孕产妇死亡率估计”。

Beginning in 2003. states revised death certificates to include checkboxes to indicate whether a deceased woman was pregnant at or around her time of death. As of 2018. death certificates in all 50 states included some type of checkbox.

从2003年开始，各州修订了死亡证明，将复选框包括在内，以表明已故妇女在死亡时或前后是否怀孕。截至2018年，所有50个州的死亡证明都包含某种类型的复选框。

While analyzing death certificates, the researchers used their new method for coding maternal deaths. For that method, the application of the pregnancy checkbox was restricted to only people ages 10 to 44. compared with ages 10 to 54 in past years when states were adding the checkbox. Also, for those marked as pregnant only, the underlying cause of death was restricted to maternal-related causes, according to the new method.

在分析死亡证明时，研究人员使用了他们的新方法对产妇死亡进行编码。对于这种方法，怀孕复选框的应用仅限于10岁至44岁的人，而在过去几年，各州都在添加怀孕复选框，年龄在10岁至54岁之间。此外，根据新的方法，对于那些只被标记为怀孕的人，潜在的死亡原因仅限于与母亲(身份)相关的原因。