新加坡将加强海岸防御 应对海平面上升

新加坡将加强海岸防御 应对海平面上升

Singapore needs at least $72 billion to build defenses against rising sea levels, its leader said Sunday as the low-lying city-state braces for the impact of climate change.

新加坡领导人周日表示，在低洼的城邦准备应对气候变化的影响之际，新加坡需要至少720亿美元来建立防御海平面上升的防御系统。

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong described climate change as "one of the gravest challenges facing humankind" and said the Southeast Asian country is already feeling the impact through hotter weather and heavier rainstorms.

李显龙总理将气候变化描述为“人类面临的最严重挑战之一”，并表示东南亚国家已经感受到了气候变暖和暴雨带来的影响。

He devoted a large portion of a major policy speech late Sunday – which included initiatives on the economy and social issues – on how the city-state will tackle global warming.

周日晚些时候，他在一场重要的政策演讲中花了很大篇幅，其中包括有关经济和社会问题的倡议，内容是这个城市国家将如何应对全球变暖。

"Because we are a low-lying island, Singapore is especially vulnerable to one grave threat, and that is rising sea levels," he warned.

他警告说:“由于新加坡地处低洼地带，因此特别容易受到一个严重威胁，那就是海平面上升。”

City planners previously required buildings to be constructed at least three meters above the mean sea level, leaving a one-meter buffer against flooding after high tide.

此前，城市规划者要求建筑物至少要建在平均海平面以上3米的地方，这样就可以在涨潮后留出1米的缓冲地带，抵御洪水。

But if sea levels rise by one meter due to global warming, the buffer could be breached when heavy rains coincide with high tide, prompting the government to require new developments to be built four meters above sea level.

但是，如果全球变暖导致海平面上升1米，当暴雨与涨潮同时发生时，缓冲区可能会被破坏，迫使政府要求在海平面以上4米建造新的开发项目。

Critical infrastructure like the Changi Airport's new Terminal 5 must be built five meters above sea level.

像樟宜机场新5号航站楼这样的关键基础设施，必须建在海拔5米的地方。

Lee cited findings by Singapore's Centre for Climate Research that the city-state "is more vulnerable to climate change than the global model suggests" because it is near the equator.

李显龙援引新加坡气候研究中心的研究结果称，新加坡“比全球模型显示的更容易受到气候变化的影响”，因为它位于赤道附近。

A key measure will be to build the island's coastal defenses, he said.

他说，一项关键措施将是建立台湾的沿海防御系统。

One option is to learn from the experience of the Netherlands, which reclaimed from the sea by building a seawall and then draining the water within it to create dry land called "polders," he said.

他说，一种选择是借鉴荷兰的经验，荷兰通过修建防波堤来填海造地，然后将防波堤内的水抽干，形成了被称为“圩田”的旱地。

"Polders are a serious option for us," the prime minister said, adding that Singapore will trial the process on a small scale.

新加坡总理表示:“对我们来说，种植鳕鱼是一个严肃的选择。”他补充称，新加坡将在小规模试验这一过程。

Another option is to reclaim "a series of islands offshore" and connect them with barrages to create a freshwater reservoir that can serve as drainage for rainwater, he said.

他说，另一种选择是开垦“一系列离岸岛屿”，并将它们与拦河坝连接起来，形成一个淡水水库，作为雨水的排水系统。

The coastal defense infrastructure could cost the country at least Sg$100 billion ($72 billion) over the next 100 years, he said.

他说，在未来100年，沿海防御基础设施可能会使该国损失至少1000亿新加坡元(720亿美元)。

"Because this is a 50- to 100-year problem, we can implement a 50- to 100-year solution," he said.

“因为这是一个50到100年的问题，我们需要一个可以实施50到100年的解决方案。”他说。

"We should treat climate change defense like we treat the Singapore Armed Forces – with utmost seriousness… These are life and death matters."

“我们应该像对待新加坡军队那样对待气候变化防御——极其严肃地对待……这是生死攸关的问题。”

But unlike military defense in which war can be prevented, the rise in sea levels is a certainty – with only the timing being uncertain, he warned.

但他警告称，与可以防止战争的军事防御不同，海平面上升是肯定的——只是时间不确定。

In October, a landmark United Nations report warned that time is running out to avert global disaster and that avoiding climate chaos will require an unprecedented transformation of society and the world economy.

今年10月，一份具有里程碑意义的联合国报告警告称，避免全球灾难的时间已经不多了，而要避免气候混乱，就需要对社会和世界经济进行前所未有的改革。