全球变暖,严重损害人类健康

A report by experts from 27 national science academies has set out the widespread damage global heating is already causing to people’s health and the increasingly serious impacts expected in future.

来自27个国家科学院的专家报告指出，全球变暖已经对人们的健康造成了广泛的损害，并预计未来会产生越来越严重的影响。

Scorching heatwaves and floods will claim more victims as extreme weather increases but there are serious indirect effects too, from spreading mosquito-borne diseases to worsening mental health.

随着极端天气的增加，酷热和洪水将导致更多的受害者，同时从传播蚊媒疾病到精神健康恶化，也有着严重的间接影响。

“There are impacts occurring now [and], over the coming century, climate change has to be ranked as one of the most serious threats to health,” said Prof Sir Andrew Haines, a co-chair of the report for the European Academies’ Science Advisory Council (Easac).

欧洲科学顾问委员会(Easac)联合主席安德鲁海恩斯教授在报告中说：“现在及在未来一个世纪，气候变化必须被列为对健康最严重的威胁之一。”

However, there were also great benefits from action to cut carbon emissions, the report found, most notably cutting the 350,000 early deaths from air pollution every year in Europe caused by burning fossil fuels. “The economic benefits of action to address the current and prospective health effects of climate change are likely to be substantial,” the report concluded.

报告发现，减少碳排放的行动也带来了巨大的好处，最显著的是欧洲每年减少35万人因燃烧化石燃料而死于空气污染。报告总结说：“采取行动应对气候变化所导致的当前和未来的健康影响，其经济效益可能是巨大的。”

The World Health Organization director general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, warned in November that climate breakdown was already a health crisis. “We cannot delay action on climate change,” he said. “We cannot sleepwalk through this health emergency any longer.” In December, a WHO report said tackling the climate crisis would save at least a million lives a year, making it a moral imperative to act.

世界卫生组织总干事Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus在11月警告说，气候崩溃已经是一场健康危机。“我们对气候变化要立即采取行动，”他说。 “不能再对这场气候危机无动于衷了。”12月，世界卫生组织的一份报告称，应对气候危机每年至少可挽救100万人的生命，这使得采取行动成为一种道德要求。

The new Easeac report, The Imperative of Climate Action to Protect Human Health in Europe, assessed the scientific evidence of the effects of global heating on health. Extreme weather such as heatwaves, floods and droughts have direct short-term impacts but also affect people in the longer term. “Mental health effects include post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, substance abuse and depression,” the report said.

新发布的Easeac报告《欧洲采取气候行动保护人类健康的必要性》评估了全球变暖对健康影响的科学证据。极端天气，如热浪、洪水和干旱，有直接的短期影响，但也会长期影响人们。报告说：“包括创伤后应激障碍、焦虑、药物滥用和抑郁等精神健康影响。”

The scientists were also concerned by the effect of extreme weather on food production, with studies showing a 5-25% cut in staple crop yields across the Mediterranean region in coming decades. But the report said even small cuts in meat eating could lead to significant cuts in carbon emissions, as well as benefits to health.

科学家们还担心极端天气对粮食生产的影响，研究表明，未来几十年地中海地区的主要农作物产量将下降5-25%。同时报告指出，即使是肉食方面的小幅度削减，也会使碳排放大幅减少，而且对健康有益。

The report anticipates the spread of infectious diseases in Europe as temperatures rise and increase the range of mosquitoes that transmit dengue fever and ticks that cause Lyme disease. Food poisoning could also rise, as salmonella bacteria thrived in warmer conditions, the report said. It even found research suggesting antibiotic resistance in E coli increases in hotter conditions.

该报告预计，随着气温上升，传播登革热和导致莱姆病的蜱虫的范围扩大，传染病将在欧洲蔓延。报告说，由于沙门氏菌在较温暖的环境中大量繁殖，食物中毒也可能上升。它甚至发现研究表明，在更热的条件下，大肠杆菌的抗生素耐药性会增加。

Global carbon emissions are still rising but scientists say rapid and deep cuts are needed to limit temperature rises to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels .

全球碳排放仍在上升，科学家表示，需要迅速大幅削减碳排放，将气温升幅控制在比工业化前高1.5摄氏度的水平。