要安全还是要高速网络：加拿大人如何看待华为

MONTREAL — In recent weeks, some viewers of “Hockey Night in Canada” have been jolted by the sight of a distinctive red chrysanthemum logo conspicuously displayed during the broadcast of a sports program as quintessentially Canadian as the national game itself.
蒙特利尔——在最近几周，与加拿大国民运动本身一样具有加国代表性的体育节目《加拿大冰球之夜》(Hockey Night in Canada)播出期间，红色菊花的独特标识赫然可见，令一些观众感到震惊。
It is the logo for Huawei, the Chinese telecommunications giant whose chief financial officer, Meng Wanzhou, is out on bail in Vancouver, with a GPS tracking device around her ankle, as she awaits possible extradition to the United States to face fraud charges.
那是中国电信巨头华为的标识，它的首席财务官孟晚舟正在温哥华处于保释期内，脚踝上有一个全球定位系统跟踪设备。等待着她的可能是被引渡至美国，在那里接受欺诈指控。
Advertising on “Hockey Night” is just one example of the expanding footprint of Huawei in Canada, where it has invested a total of $500 million in research and development, including into 5G technology at leading Canadian universities.
在《冰球之夜》打广告只是华为在加拿大扩张足迹的一个例子。华为已在加拿大共投资5亿美元用于研发，包括在加拿大一流大学投资5G技术的研发。
It also has research facilities in Ottawa, Waterloo, Montreal, and Vancouver; is providing high-speed internet to remote areas of the country; and employs about 1,100 people in Canada.
华为还在渥太华、滑铁卢、蒙特利尔和温哥华设有研究机构；为加拿大边远地区提供高速网络；在加拿大有大约1100名员工。
Now, the company finds itself at the center of a rift in Chinese-Canadian relations caused by Ms. Meng’s case, which includes charges of evading United States economic sanctions on Iran. Following her arrest, China detained several Canadians and sentenced a Canadian drug smuggler to death, in what many here viewed as retaliation. If Canada decides to extradite her, which legal experts say is likely, there are concerns of significant reprisals.
如今，华为发现自己处于由孟晚舟案导致的中加关系裂痕的中心地带，该案包括绕过美国对伊朗经济制裁禁令的指控。在她被捕后，中国逮捕了几名加拿大人，判处了一名加拿大毒贩死刑，很多加拿大人视其为报复行为。如果加拿大决定将她引渡——法律专家称这很有可能，人们担心会遭到严重报复。
Even before Ms. Meng’s arrest, which has incensed China, some experts were warning that Huawei’s growing presence in Canada could undermine the country’s economic interests and security.
即便在孟晚舟被捕之前——此举激怒了中国——一些专家已经发出警告，华为在加拿大的日益扩张可能会危害加拿大的经济利益和安全。
Her case has only intensified those worries.
她的案件只是加剧了这些担忧。
Canadians should take notice that “a company that is invested hugely in Canada is facing serious allegations of fraud,” said David Mulroney, Canada’s ambassador to China from 2009 to 2012.
加拿大人应当关注，“一个在加拿大大举投资的公司正面临严重的诈骗指控”，曾于2009年至2012年担任加拿大驻华大使的马大维(David Mulroney)说。
He noted that Huawei had been adept in its approach to the Canadian market, using savvy marketing techniques.
他指出，华为一直善于利用精明的营销技巧来打入加拿大市场。
“The message that Huawei is on your side in hockey is very shrewd,” Mr. Mulroney said, referring to the “Hockey Night” sponsorship. “Hockey is as close to the Canadian psyche as you can get.”
“华为在冰球比赛中站在你们这边，这个信息非常精明，”穆洛尼这样评价《冰球之夜》的赞助。“冰球是你能找到的最贴近加拿大人心灵的运动。”
Huawei’s attempt to woo Canadians comes as Canada’s security agencies are undertaking a national security review of whether Huawei technology should be allowed in Canada’s nascent 5G telecommunications network. That review will determine if Canada will accede to pressure from the United States to ban Huawei products from its 5G wireless networks amid concerns they could be used by the Chinese government for espionage.
就在华为试图吸引加拿大人之际，加拿大安全机构正在进行一项国家安全审查，以决定是否应该允许华为的技术进入加拿大尚在初创阶段的5G电信网络。这次审查将决定加拿大是否遵从美国的要求，以可能被中国政府用于间谍活动为由，禁止华为5G无线网络产品。
Australia and New Zealand have already followed the United States by blocking Huawei from supplying technology for 5G infrastructure.
澳大利亚和新西兰已经效仿美国，阻止华为向5G基础设施提供技术。
Scott Bardsley, a spokesman for the Canadian public safety minister, Ralph Goodale, declined to comment specifically on Huawei, but said the government was carefully assessing the security challenges and potential threats of 5G technology.
加拿大公共安全部长拉尔夫·古德尔(Ralph Goodale)的发言人斯科特·巴德斯利(Scott Bardsley)拒绝具体就华为发表评论，但他说，政府正在仔细评估5G技术的安全挑战和潜在威胁。
“We will ensure that our networks are kept safe for Canadians,” he said.
“我们将确保我们的网络对加拿大人来说是安全的，”他说。
Some experts argue against what they say is American demonizing of Huawei and say the Chinese company owes its success in Canada to making reasonably priced, good quality products consumers like to buy.
一些专家认为美国人将华为妖魔化了，他们对此表示反对，认为这家中国公司在加拿大取得的成功要归功于它生产了物美价廉的产品，消费者愿意购买。
But former government officials have expressed concern.
但是前政府官员们表达了担忧。
Richard Fadden, a former director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, who also was a national security adviser to two prime ministers, said Huawei represented a clear cybersecurity threat to Canada since Chinese companies like Huawei were required, by law, to respond to directions from the Chinese state, which collects intellectual property and intelligence from Western countries, including Canada.
加拿大安全情报局前主任理查德·法登(Richard Fadden)曾为两届总理担任国家安全顾问，他认为华为对加拿大构成了明显的网络安全威胁，因为根据法律规定，华为这样的中国企业被要求遵循中国政府的指示，而中国政府在设法从加拿大等西方国家收集知识产权和情报。
“I would counsel the government to forbid the use of Huawei equipment in the development of our 5G network,” Mr. Fadden wrote in an email.
“我建议政府禁止在我们的5G网络开发中使用华为设备，”法登在电子邮件中写道。
He added that any controls or firewalls that worked today would eventually be overcome by China’s “very sophisticated and ingenious security agencies.”
他补充说，当今任何有效的控制手段或防火墙，最终都会被中国“手段非常精良和巧妙的安全机构”所克服。
At a news conference last week in Toronto, Huawei’s chairman, Liang Hua, insisted the company posed no threat. “On issues of cybersecurity, Huawei would never do anything to harm any country, any organization or any individual,” Mr. Liang said.
在上周于多伦多举行的新闻发布会上，华为董事长梁华坚称公司不会构成威胁，“在网络安全问题上绝不会伤害任何国家、组织和个人。”
He said there was no law in China requiring companies “to install back doors or collect foreign intelligence.”
他说，中国没有法律要求企业“强制安装后门或者收集情报”。
He added that if Huawei ever received such a request from the Chinese state, it would not execute it because the law does not require it to do so.
他还说，即使华为未来收到中国政府的此类请求也不会执行，因为拒绝执行并不违法。
Sitting in front of a sign with the words “10 Years” — representing Huawei’s decade of doing business in Canada — superimposed on a red Canadian maple leaf, Mr. Liang expressed Huawei’s continued commitment to Canada and praised the country as “an open and inclusive place.”

梁华身后的标语有一片红色的加拿大枫叶，其中嵌着“10年”的字样，代表华为在加拿大开展业务已经有10年。他表达了华为对加拿大的持续承诺，并称赞加拿大“开放、包容”。
He also commented on Ms. Meng’s case.
他还对孟晚舟的案件发表了评论。
“I hope that the Canadian legal system could bring justice back to her,” he said, adding that the American pressure on its allies over Huawei had provided “a free round of advertisement for the company.”
他说，“希望加拿大司法体系能尽快还孟女士一个公道。”他还说，美国在华为问题上对盟友施加的压力“其实是免费给华为打广告”。
Perhaps nowhere has Huawei’s influence in Canada been more present than in research and development, including at leading Canadian academic institutions, where it has made big investments in research.
华为在加拿大最具影响力的领域或许是研发，包括在加拿大领先的学术机构，它在这些机构的研究方面进行了大量投资。
These investments have generated alarm that, in return for money, cash-strapped Canadian universities are relinquishing control to Huawei of intellectual property related to 5G, while making themselves vulnerable to infiltration by China’s security apparatus.
这些投资令人们担心，资金紧张的加拿大大学为换取资金，或许会将5G相关知识产权的控制权拱手让给华为，同时也使自己容易受到中国安全机构的渗透。
Christian Chua, president of research at Huawei Canada, told reporters last week at the news conference that Huawei shared its intellectual property with the Canadian universities with which it partnered.
华为加拿大业务代表蔡常天上周在新闻发布会上对记者表示，华为同合作的加拿大大学分享了自己的知识产权。
Wesley Wark, an intelligence expert at the University of Ottawa, noted that universities were typically not vigilant when it came to security issues.
渥太华大学(University of Ottawa)的情报专家韦斯利·沃克(Wesley Wark)指出，大学在安全问题上往往有失戒备。
He added, however, that the current “scaremongering” about Huawei was misplaced given that both China and Huawei had too much to lose if they spied on the West and lost access to those markets.
不过，他补充说，中国和华为如果因为对西方开展间谍行为而失去进入这些市场的机会，将会令它们损失惨重，因此目前有关华为的“危言耸听”是错误的。
Nevertheless, concerns that Huawei’s products and infrastructure, including smartphones or cellular base stations, could be used by Chinese intelligence services have been swirling on some Canadian college campuses, including McGill University in Montreal.
尽管如此，对于华为的产品和基础设施（包括智能手机或基站）可能被中国情报机构使用的担忧，一直在加拿大一些大学校园里回荡，比如蒙特利尔的麦吉尔大学(McGill University)。
In December, Canadian Security Intelligence Service officials briefed about 15 researchers there who receive funding from Huawei about national security risks.
去年12月，加拿大安全情报局官员向该校大约15名接受华为资助的研究人员通报了国家安全风险。
According to Vincent Allaire, a spokesman for McGill, the spy agency warned the researchers, among other things, that the technology they were working on in partnership with Huawei included “dual-use technology” that could potentially be used for military purposes.
据麦吉尔大学发言人文森特·阿莱尔(Vincent Allaire)称，情报机构警告研究人员，他们与华为合作开发的技术中，包括可能用于军事目的的“两用技术”。
Officials at other universities disputed there were any major risks involved in the research partnerships.
其他大学的官员对这种研究合作关系是否存在重大风险意见不一。
John-Paul Heale, who oversees company-sponsored research at the University of British Columbia, said Huawei had contributed about $8 million for 14 research projects over three years.
约翰-保罗·希尔(John-Paul Heale)在不列颠哥伦比亚大学(University of British Columbia)负责监督华为赞助的研究项目。他说，华为在过去三年里为14个研究项目捐赠了约800万美元。
He stressed that the university could not become an outpost for secret research on behalf of the Chinese state because all research was required to be published in peer-reviewed journals.
他强调，该大学不可能成为中国政府秘密研究据点，因为所有研究都必须在同行评议的期刊上发表。
“Our research is not happening in the shadows,” he said.
“我们的研究不是在暗中进行的，”他说。
While Huawei’s business has been curtailed in the United States amid spying fears, the company is banking on the fact that in Canada, the desire for reasonably priced smartphones and high-speed internet is what ultimately matters to consumers.
尽管华为在美国的业务由于间谍活动的担忧而受到限制，但公司寄希望于这样一个事实：在加拿大，对价格合理的智能手机和高速互联网的渴望，最终对消费者来说是至关重要的。
That appears to be the case in Lac La Hache, British Columbia, population 258, a rural community about 300 miles from Vancouver, where Huawei has partnered with the internet provider ABC Communications to provide high-speed internet.
在不列颠哥伦比亚省距离温哥华大约300英里、人口数量258人的拉拉哈奇村，情况似乎就是这样。华为与互联网供应商ABC通信合作，为这个农村社区提供高速互联网。
Robert Fry, owner of Cariboo Radio station, said he currently has to commute 45 minutes each day to another town that has an internet connection fast enough to operate a web-based radio station.
卡里波广播电台(Cariboo Radio)的所有人罗伯特·弗莱(Robert Fry)说，目前他每天要花45分钟往返于另一个镇子，只有那里有足以运营一家网络广播站的网速。
Thanks to Huawei technology, he said he hopes to be able to work locally and save $20,000 a year.
他说，有了华为的技术，他有望能在本地工作，这样每年可为他节省2万美元。
“There are fears that China is corrupt and watching what we do and some people are scared they could spy on us,” he said. “But I’m not worried about that. What matters to me is getting high-speed internet.”
“有人担心中国腐败，并且监视我们的所作所为，有些人害怕他们会监视我们，”他说。“但我并不担心。对我来说，重要的是拥有高速互联网。”