孟晚舟其人：从秘书到华为的“门面”
北京——作为华为首席财务官和创始人之女，孟晚舟是这个长期以来对外界不大透明的科技巨头里一张优雅、专业的面孔。
Ms. Meng, the eldest daughter of Ren Zhengfei, the leader of the telecom equipment maker, has appeared before reporters to announce the company’s financial results. She has spoken at company events in New York; Cancún, Mexico; and beyond. She helped inaugurate centers in Britain, a key market for the Chinese giant’s expansion into the Western world.
孟晚舟是该电信设备制造商的负责人任正非的大女儿，在记者们面前宣布过公司的财务业绩。她曾在纽约、墨西哥坎昆等地举行的公司活动上发表讲话，还曾帮助创立华为在英国的业务中心——那里是这个中国巨头向西方世界扩张的关键市场。
She also sat on the board of a Huawei partner company in Hong Kong called Skycom Tech that Canadian authorities now say did business in Iran. And through that position and her job at Huawei, Ms. Meng may have personally been involved in tricking financial institutions into making transactions that violated United States sanctions against Iran, they said.
她还曾担任过星通技术有限公司(Skycom Tech)的董事，现在加拿大当局表示，这家华为在香港的伙伴公司曾跟伊朗有业务往来。此外，加拿大当局还说，孟晚舟通过该职位以及在华为的工作，可能曾亲自参与诱骗金融机构进行违反美国对伊朗制裁的交易。
That has thrust Ms. Meng, 46, into the center of what promises to be a complex diplomatic tussle between the United States and China. She was arrested Dec. 1 in Vancouver, Canada, while changing flights, at the request of the American government, which is seeking to extradite her. The action escalated what had already been a roller-coaster year of economic conflict between the two powers, ahead of tricky negotiations to end a brutal trade war.
这将46岁的孟晚舟推向了风口浪尖，接下来无疑将是美国和中国之间一场复杂的外交争斗。当她12月1日在加拿大温哥华转机时，加拿大应美国政府要求将其逮捕，美方现寻求引渡她。在终止残酷贸易战的棘手谈判到来之前，此举令两大国之间原本已像过山车一样惊险的经济冲突之年波澜再起。
Huawei has said that it is not aware of any wrongdoing by Ms. Meng, and China’s Foreign Ministry has called for her immediate release.
华为表示，并不知孟晚舟有任何不当行为，中国外交部也呼吁立即将其释放。
But on Friday, in a bail hearing in British Columbia’s Supreme Court, Canadian authorities said Ms. Meng was accused of fraud. They said she had “direct involvement” with Huawei’s representations to banks, telling at least one financial executive that Huawei and Skycom were operating in Iran in strict compliance with United States sanctions when that was not the case.
但上周五，在不列颠哥伦比亚省最高法院的保释听证会上，加拿大当局称，孟晚舟被指控犯有欺诈罪。他们说，她曾“直接参与”华为向银行做的陈述，告诉过至少一名金融高管，华为和星通在伊朗的业务严格遵守美国的制裁规定，而事实并非如此。
Larry Kudlow, director of the White House’s National Economic Council, said on CNBC on Friday that the United States had repeatedly warned Huawei about violating sanctions on Iran.
周五，白宫国家经济委员会(National Economic Council)主任拉里·库德洛(Larry Kudlow)在CNBC上说，就违反对伊朗制裁一事，美国已反复警告过华为。
“We have these sanctions on Iran, it runs against our policy, why shouldn’t we enforce that?” he said.
他说，“我们对伊朗实施了这些制裁，它违反了我们的政策，我们为什么不应该强制执行呢?”
For years, Ms. Meng’s name has appeared in connection with Huawei’s business in Iran, the subject of a yearslong United States investigation.
多年来，孟晚舟的名字常和华为在伊朗的业务一起出现，美国对这块业务进行了长达一年的调查。
Reuters reported several years ago that Skycom, one of Huawei’s partners in that country, had tried to sell Hewlett-Packard equipment to an Iranian telecom carrier in 2010. The sale, which Huawei said was never completed, would have violated Washington’s ban on exporting computer products to Iran.
据路透社在几年前报道，星通作为华为在伊朗的伙伴之一，曾于2010年试图将惠普的设备出售给一家伊朗的电信运营商。这笔交易——华为称从未完成——违反了华盛顿对伊朗的电脑产品出口禁令。
Huawei said at the time that its Iranian business was entirely lawful, and that it required its local partners to heed the same laws and regulations.
华为当时表示，它在伊朗的业务完全合法，并要求其在伊朗当地的合作伙伴严格遵守同样的法律法规。
According to Hong Kong corporate filings, Ms. Meng was a member of Skycom’s board from February 2008 to April 2009.
香港的公司文件显示，孟晚舟从2008年2月至2009年4月曾担任星通董事会成员。
In a May 2007 filing, Skycom reported that all of the company’s shares had been transferred that year to a Hong Kong company called Hua Ying Management. In August 2007, Hua Ying reported to the Hong Kong authorities that its company secretary was Ms. Meng.
在2007年5月的一份文件中，星通称，公司全部股份已于当年转让给香港一家叫做华盈管理的公司。2007年8月，华盈向香港有关当局提交的报告显示，公司秘书(company secretary，公司秘书是美英等资本市场中的一个法定职位，角色类似执行董事——编注。)是孟晚舟。
Ms. Meng, who started at Huawei as a secretary 25 years ago, is not its most prominent executive. But as chief financial officer, she has played a part in the company’s efforts over the past five years to become more transparent about its operations. After United States lawmakers labeled Huawei and another Chinese manufacturer, ZTE, as security threats, Huawei saw openness as a way to help dispel the swirl of suspicions surrounding it.
25年前在华为始任秘书的孟晚舟并非公司最突出的高管。但过去五年来，作为首席财务官，她在公司提升业务透明度的努力上发挥了作用。在美国立法者将华为及另一家中国的制造商中兴列为安全威胁之后，华为将公开性视为一种驱散笼罩其上的不信任疑云的方式。
Some of the distrust has had to do with Ms. Meng’s powerful and secretive father.
这种不信任一定程度上与孟晚舟颇有权势却低调神秘的父亲有关。
Mr. Ren, 74, was a member of the Chinese military’s engineering corps for nearly a decade before starting Huawei in 1987. His military service has informed American officials’ concerns that Huawei has links to the Chinese government or the Communist Party — something the company has strenuously denied.
任正非现年74岁，1987年创立华为之前，曾在中国军方的工程部门服役近十年。他的军旅生涯让美国官员担心，华为与中国政府或中国共产党有联系，华为对此矢口否认。
“She’s very presentable,” Duncan Clark, the chairman of the advisory firm BDA China, who once did consulting work for Huawei, said of Ms. Meng.
“她很得体，”博达克咨询有限公司(BDA China) 董事长邓肯·克拉克(Duncan Clark)对孟晚舟作如此评价，他曾为华为做过咨询。
That is a stark contrast with her father, Mr. Clark added. “He is, for me at least, refreshingly unpolished and direct.”
这和她父亲形成了鲜明的对比，克拉克补充说。“至少对我来讲，他相当直截了当。”
For many people in China, Huawei represents how far their nation has come since it began climbing out of the economic ravages left by Chairman Mao — and how far it can continue to go.
对很多中国人而言，华为代表着从摆脱毛主席留下的经济灾难以来，中国已经走了多远，以及还能走多远。
Over the past three decades, Huawei has transformed from a small maker of telephone switches into the world’s largest supplier of telecommunications equipment, as well as the No. 2 smartphone maker, behind Samsung. The company has worked to build a consumer brand associated with quality and innovation. The name “Huawei” means “China’s Achievement.”
过去30年来，华为从一家小型的电话交换机制造商，转变为世界最大的电信设备供应商，以及仅次于三星的世界第二大智能手机制造商。该公司致力于以品质和创新为特点建立一个消费者品牌。“华为”这一名字本身就有“中华有为”之意。
But after winning over cellular providers across the developing world with its cost-effective networking gear, the company faced a tougher task convincing large carriers in the wealthier nations of Europe and North America.
但在其以性价比高的网络设备在发展中国家赢得了移动电话运营商的青睐之后，该公司面临着说服欧洲和北美富裕国家的大型运营商这一更为艰巨的任务。
For many years, Mr. Ren’s reluctance to appear in public, combined with the company’s aversion to the news media, even after it had become a globe-straddling giant, fed the impression that he and Huawei had something to hide. How much of the company did he own? How did key decisions get made? Could there really be a military link?
多年来，由于任正非不愿出现公开场合露面，加上公司不爱跟新闻媒体打交道——即便是在它成为跨越全球的巨头之后，给人留下了华为有什么要隐瞒的印象。他拥有公司多少股份?关键决定是如何作出的?是否真的会有军方关联?
Ms. Meng became part of an attempt to address such issues in January 2013, when she was brought before reporters in Beijing to discuss Huawei’s business outlook. The company, which is privately held, had published some financial details before. But it had never held a news conference of this kind.
2013年1月，孟晚舟成为了应对此类议题的团队成员，当时她在北京出现在记者面前，谈论华为的业务前景。这家私人控股的公司此前曾公布过一些财务信息。但却从未召开过这样的新闻发布会。
“We will honor our commitment to transparency and openness,” Ms. Meng said then.
“我们将履行我们对透明度和公开性的承诺，”孟晚舟当时表示。
This commitment has failed to persuade the United States government that Huawei’s products are safe to use, but the company has become a supplier to many of Europe’s telecom providers.
这一承诺未能使美国政府相信华为的产品安全可用，但该公司已成为多家欧洲电信运营商的供应商。
This year, Ms. Meng was made Huawei’s deputy chairwoman in addition to finance chief, leading some to wonder whether she might succeed her father at the top someday. But hers was not an heiress’s upbringing.
今年，孟晚舟被任命为华为副董事长兼首席财务官，这让一些人猜测，她是否有一天会接替父亲的位置，成为华为的最高领导者。但她并不是以一个继承人的身份成长起来的。
Ms. Meng, who also uses the names Sabrina and Cathy, was born in 1972 in the western city of Chengdu, to Mr. Ren’s first wife, Meng Jun. The family moved to Shenzhen, in China’s south, during the turbulent economic reforms of the 1980s.
孟晚舟曾经使用萨布丽娜(Sabrina)和凯西(Cathy)这两个英文名，她于1972年在中国西部城市成都出生，母亲是任正非的第一任妻子孟军。1980年代经济改革动荡期间，他们全家搬到了中国南方的深圳。
Shenzhen eventually became a hub of China’s mighty manufacturing base and home to Huawei’s global headquarters. Back then, it was a backwater.
深圳最终成为中国强大制造业基地中心，也是华为全球总部的所在地。当时，那里还是一个闭塞的地方。
As Ms. Meng later recalled in a Huawei employee newspaper, the walls of the family’s house let in all the neighbors’ chatter. The roof leaked. When it rained — which it did constantly in southern China — everything got wet.
孟晚舟后来在华为的一份员工报纸上回忆说，在她家，隔着墙可以听到邻居聊天。屋顶漏水。下雨时——中国南方经常下雨——所有的东西都淋湿了。
After college, Ms. Meng hoped to attend graduate school in the United States. A university gave her an offer, she recalled in a 2016 speech. But her visa was rejected because an American consular interviewer decided that her English was too poor.
大学毕业后，孟晚舟想去美国读研究生。她在2016年的一次演讲中回忆说，一所大学给了她邀请。但她被拒签了，因为一位美国领事面试官认为她的英语太差。
Ms. Meng found a job at a bank instead. She was laid off after a year. In 1993, she joined fledgling Huawei as one of its three secretaries.
孟晚舟在一家银行找了份工作。一年后她下岗了。1993年，她加入羽翼未丰的华为，成为公司的三名秘书之一。
She answered the phone, printed out documents and put together product catalogs. A few years later, after completing a master’s degree in management, she returned to Huawei, this time in the finance department. And she began climbing the ladder.
她接电话，打印文件，整理产品目录。几年后，她取得管理学硕士学位，回到华为，进入财务部。她开始一路高升。
As Huawei’s business spread across the world in the 2000s, Ms. Meng helped expand its accounting operations with it. Her brother, Ren Ping, works for a Huawei-owned company. Annabel Yao, a daughter of the elder Mr. Ren by his second wife, is an undergraduate at Harvard.
21世纪初，随着华为的业务遍布全球，孟晚舟帮助华为会计业务的发展。她的哥哥任平在一家华为旗下公司工作。任正非和第二任妻子的女儿姚安娜目前在哈佛读本科。
