孟晚舟被控欺诈，涉嫌违反美国对伊朗制裁禁令

VANCOUVER, British Columbia — The reasons that the United States asked the Canadian authorities to arrest a top executive of the Chinese technology company Huawei last week had been shrouded in mystery.

不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华——美国要求加拿大当局上周逮捕中国科技企业华为一名高管的原因一直蒙着神秘的色彩。

On Friday, the details of the arrest and what led up to it came out in a Canadian courtroom.

周五，人们在加拿大一家法庭获知了逮捕的细节及原因。

At a bail hearing in Vancouver for Meng Wanzhou, the chief financial officer of Huawei and a daughter of the company’s founder, Canadian prosecutors said she was accused of fraud. The heart of the charges related to how Ms. Meng may have participated in a scheme to trick financial institutions into making transactions that violated United States sanctions against Iran, they said.

在温哥华一个有关保释华为首席财务官、公司创始人之女孟晚舟的听证会上，加拿大检方表示，她被控欺诈。他们说，对孟晚舟指控的核心是，她可能参与了一项阴谋，诱使金融机构进行违反美国对伊朗制裁的交易。

Ms. Meng had “direct involvement” with Huawei’s representations to banks, said John Gibb-Carsley, an attorney with Canada’s Justice Department.

加拿大司法部律师约翰·吉布-卡斯利(John Gibb-Carsley)说，孟晚舟有“直接参与”华为向银行的陈述。

The hearing shed light on an incident that has rattled the relationship between the United States and China as they prepare to enter negotiations to cease a brutal trade war. While changing planes in Vancouver on Dec. 1, Ms. Meng was arrested at the behest of the United States, which has for years looked into potential ties between Huawei and the Chinese government or Communist Party.

在美中两国准备就停止一场残酷的贸易战展开谈判之际，听证会让人们了解了一件令两国关系紧张的事件。12月1日，孟晚舟在温哥华转机时，加拿大应美国的要求，将其逮捕，美国多年来一直在调查华为与中国政府或共产党之间的潜在关系。

Because of Ms. Meng’s stature in China as a top executive and part of its elite, news of her arrest has rippled through the country.

由于其企业高管以及精英的地位，孟晚舟被捕的消息在中国引起了很大反响。

A Huawei spokesman said late Friday, “We have every confidence that the Canadian and U.S. legal systems will reach the right conclusion.”

华为发言人在周五晚些时候表示，“相信加拿大和美国的法律体系最终会给出公正的结论。”

With Ms. Meng, 46, seated inside a glass box at British Columbia’s Supreme Court, Mr. Gibb-Carsley laid out what had led to her arrest. He said that between 2009 and 2014, Huawei used a Hong Kong company, Skycom Tech, to make transactions in Iran and do business with telecom companies there, in violation of American sanctions. Banks in the United States cleared financial transactions for Huawei, inadvertently doing business with Skycom, he said.

在不列颠哥伦比亚省最高法院，吉布-卡斯利阐述了导致她被逮捕的原因，现年46岁的孟晚舟则坐在一个玻璃隔间内。他说，在2009年至2014年间，华为利用一家名为星通技术(Skycom Tech)的香港公司在伊朗经商，与那里的电信公司做生意，这违反了美国对伊朗的制裁。他说，美国的银行为华为的金融交易结了帐，无意之中与星通有了业务往来。

The banks were “victim institutions” of fraud by Ms. Meng, Mr. Gibb-Carsley said.

吉布-卡斯利说，这些银行是孟晚舟欺诈行为的“受害机构”。

In 2013, articles by Reuters alleged that Huawei used Skycom to do business in Iran, and had tried to import American-made computer equipment into the country in violation of sanctions. Several financial institutions asked Huawei if the allegations were true, Mr. Gibb-Carsley said.

2013年，路透社(Reuters)曾发文称，华为利用星通在伊朗做生意，并试图违反制裁措施，把美国制造的计算机设备进口到伊朗。吉布-卡斯利说，几家金融机构曾问过华为，这些指控是否属实。

At the time, Ms. Meng arranged a meeting with an executive from one of the financial institutions, he said. During the meeting, she spoke through an English interpreter and presented PowerPoint slides in Chinese, saying that Huawei operated in Iran in strict compliance with United States sanctions. Ms. Meng explained that Huawei’s engagement with Skycom was part of normal business operations and that Huawei had sold the shares it once held in Skycom.

他说，当时孟晚舟安排了与其中一家金融机构高管的会议。在会上，她通过一名英文翻译发言，并展示了用中文制作的PowerPoint幻灯片。她说，华为在伊朗的业务严格遵守了美国的制裁措施。孟晚舟解释说，华为与星通的往来是正常商业运作的一部分，华为已经出售了曾经持有的星通股份。

But there was no distinction between Skycom and Huawei, Mr. Gibb-Carsley said. Huawei operated Skycom as an unofficial subsidiary, making efforts to keep the connection between the companies secret.

但星通与华为没有区别，吉布-卡斯利说道。华为把星通作为一家非官方子公司来运作，并对两家公司的关系努力保密。

Skycom employees used Huawei email addresses and had badges and a letterhead featuring the Huawei logo, he said. Skycom documents showed that an entity to which the company was sold in 2009 was also controlled by Huawei until at least 2014, according to an affidavit read in court.

他说，星通的员工使用华为的电子邮件地址，佩戴的门卡和使用的信笺都印有华为的标识。根据在法庭上宣读的一份宣誓书，星通的文件显示，2009年华为出售所持的星通股票时，购买股票的实体至少在2014年之前也由华为控制。

Ms. Meng’s presentation to the financial institution constituted fraud, Mr. Gibb-Carsley said. Her attorney, David Martin, said the bank was HSBC.

吉布-卡斯利说，孟晚舟向该金融机构的陈述构成了欺诈。孟晚舟的律师戴维·马丁(David Martin)说，那家银行是汇丰(HSBC)。

A global bank based in London with operations in the United States, HSBC has repeatedly landed in trouble with the American authorities for violating anti-money-laundering rules. As a result, HSBC had officials from a consulting firm, Exiger, stationed inside the bank to monitor its compliance. Exiger officials noticed suspicious Iranian-linked transactions involving Huawei and flagged them to the United States Justice Department, according to two people familiar with the matter who weren’t authorized to speak publicly.

汇丰是一家总部设在伦敦、在美国有业务的全球性银行，曾多次因违反美国的反洗钱规定而受到美国当局的处罚。因此，汇丰安排了咨询公司艾西格(Exiger)进驻该行，监督其合规情况。据两名知情人士说，艾西格的员工注意到了与伊朗有关、涉及华为的可疑交易，就将其通报给了美国司法部;因未获得公开谈论此事的授权，这两人要求不具名。

Mr. Martin said Ms. Meng’s PowerPoint presentation to HSBC had been prepared by Huawei’s legal team and disclosed the sale of Skycom. He added that the American government had provided only a “skeletal description” of the accusations.

马丁说，孟晚舟对汇丰做的PowerPoint演示是华为的法律团队准备的，其中披露了出售星通股票的信息。他还说，美国政府对这些指控只提供了“梗概性的描述”。

Stuart Levey, the chief legal officer at HSBC, said, “The U.S. Department of Justice has confirmed that HSBC is not under investigation in this case.”

汇丰的首席法务官斯图尔特·利维(Stuart Levey)说，“美国司法部已经证实，汇丰不是这起案件的调查对象。”

Marc Raimondi, a spokesman for the Justice Department, declined to comment on the charges revealed in court on Friday.

美国司法部发言人马克·雷蒙迪(Marc Raimondi)拒绝就周五在法庭上披露的指控予以置评。

The accusations against Ms. Meng and Huawei are similar to ones that the United States government made in 2016 against ZTE, another large Chinese technology company. In that case, American officials released internal ZTE documents in which executives had described creating “cutoff companies” that would do business with Iran, North Korea and other nations placed under sanctions by the American government.

对孟晚舟和华为的指控与美国政府在2016年对中国另一家大型科技公司中兴通讯的指控类似。在那起案件中，美国官员公布了中兴的内部文件，中兴高管在文件中描述了成立“隔断公司”的行为，利用这些公司与伊朗、朝鲜及其他受到美国政府制裁的国家做生意的办法。

A warrant for Ms. Meng’s arrest was issued in the Eastern District of New York on Aug. 22, Mr. Gibb-Carsley said. A Canadian justice then issued a warrant for Ms. Meng on Nov. 30 after it became known that she would change planes in Vancouver on her way from Hong Kong to Mexico.

吉布-卡斯利说，纽约东区联邦法院于8月22日发布了对孟晚舟的逮捕令。11月30日，在得知孟晚舟将在温哥华转机从香港前往墨西哥的消息后，加拿大一名法官对她发出了逮捕令。

Ms. Meng had traveled to the United States regularly in 2014, 2015, 2016, Mr. Gibb-Carsley said. Her last trip was in February and March 2017. In April 2017, Huawei found out about the United States investigation into the company when its subsidiaries were served with a grand jury subpoena, he said.

吉布-卡斯利说，孟晚舟在2014、2015、2016年曾经常去美国。她最后一次去美国是在2017年2月和3月。2017年4月，在一个大陪审团传唤了华为子公司后，华为发现美国正在对公司进行调查。

Ms. Meng and other executives then stopped visiting the United States, even though she has a 16-year-old son — one of three sons from a previous marriage — at a school in Boston, Mr. Gibb-Carsley said. Ms. Meng, who remarried, also has a daughter, according to an affidavit.

那之后，孟晚舟和其他华为高管就不再去美国了，尽管她16岁的儿子在波士顿念书——那是她和前夫的三个儿子之一。一份宣誓书显示，孟晚舟再婚后还有一个女儿。

Mr. Martin pushed back on the idea that Ms. Meng had avoided the United States because she feared prosecution. After AT&T canceled a deal to distribute Huawei smartphones in the United States in January and the federal government banned the use of Huawei products in government contracts, Huawei essentially abandoned the market, Mr. Martin said.

马丁驳斥了孟晚舟因为害怕被起诉而避免去美国的说法。他说，今年1月，AT&T取消了在美国销售华为智能手机的交易，联邦政府也禁止在政府合同中使用华为产品，之后华为基本上放弃了美国市场。

“An entity would have to be tone deaf to not understand that the United States had become a hostile place for Huawei to do business,” he said.

“只有充耳不闻的企业实体，才会不明白美国已成为华为开展业务的一个充满敌意的地方，”他说。

Mr. Gibb-Carsley argued against bail for Ms. Meng. He said that she had vast financial resources and no strong ties in Canada, and that China had no extradition treaty with the United States or Canada.

吉布-卡斯利提出理由反对保释孟晚舟。他说，她拥有巨大的财力资源，在加拿大没有牢固的关系，中国也没有与美国或加拿大签订引渡条约。

Mr. Martin offered two properties in Vancouver and a cash deposit to secure Ms. Meng’s bail. Ms. Meng would not breach a court order, he said, adding that doing so would “humiliate and embarrass her father, who she loves,” and embarrass Huawei’s thousands of employees. Ms. Meng’s father is Ren Zhengfei, Huawei’s founder.

马丁提出把温哥华的两处房产和一笔现金存款作为孟晚舟保释的保证金。他说，孟晚舟不会违反法院的命令，并补充，那样做会“使她深爱的父亲有失尊严、感到尴尬”，让华为成千上万的员工感到尴尬。孟晚舟的父亲是华为创始人任正非。

“She would not embarrass China itself,” Mr. Martin said. When he later repeated that point, Ms. Meng touched her eyes and the sheriff gave her tissues.

“她不会让中国自身难堪，”马丁说。当他后来重复这一点时，孟晚舟触摸了自己的眼睛，警长给了她纸巾。

By the end of the day, no bail had been set, and the judge in the case said the hearing would continue on Monday morning.

截至当天结束时，仍未确定是否保释，本案法官表示，听证会将在周一上午继续进行。

Any extradition process can take weeks or months, depending on the rules of the country that arrests the suspect and whether the suspect chooses to fight the extradition request. The United States Justice Department must now present evidence to the Canadian court that supports its request and has 60 days from the arrest to make a full request for extradition.

任何引渡程序都可能需要数周或数月的时间，取决于逮捕嫌疑犯的国家的规则以及嫌疑犯是否选择反对引渡请求。美国司法部现在必须向加拿大法院提交支持其请求的证据，并在逮捕后的60天内提出详尽的引渡请求。