美国就网络攻击对俄罗斯实施制裁

The US ramped up pressure on Russia over cyber attacks, including Moscow’s interference in the 2016 presidential elections, as it unveiled sanctions on individuals and entities including Russian intelligence services.

美国加大了对俄罗斯的压力，矛头指向网络攻击，包括莫斯科方面干涉2016年美国总统大选。特朗普政府宣布对一些个人和实体(包括俄罗斯情报部门)实施制裁。

The move comes amid intense pressure on Donald Trump to take harsher action against President Vladimir Putin as the US president fends off allegations that his election campaign was aided by Russia. Tension between Russia and the West have escalated further in recent days following the attempted murder of former double agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter in a nerve agent attack in the UK this month.

此举的背景是唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)受到强大压力，要求他对俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔•普京(Vladimir Putin)采取更加严厉的行动，与此同时美国总统拒不承认有关他的竞选活动得到俄罗斯暗中相助的指控。前双面间谍谢尔盖•斯克里帕尔(Sergei Skripal)及其女儿本月在英国遭遇神经毒剂袭击后，俄罗斯与西方之间的紧张近日进一步升级。

On Thursday, the leaders of the US, France and Germany joined Britain’s prime minister in blaming Russia for the attack. The US Treasury said the recent use of a military-grade nerve agent in an attempt to murder two UK citizens was sign of “reckless and irresponsible conduct” by the country’s government.

周四，美国、法国和德国领导人表态声援英国首相，指责俄罗斯发动袭击。美国财政部表示，最近使用军用级神经毒剂企图刺杀两名英国公民的行为，是俄罗斯政府“鲁莽和不负责任的行为”的迹象。

The Treasury department said it was designating five entities and 19 individuals in response to what Steven Mnuchin, Treasury secretary, called “nefarious attacks”.

美国财政部表示，为回应财长史蒂文•姆努钦(Steven Mnuchin,上图)所称的“穷凶极恶的攻击”，该部把五个实体和19名个人列入制裁名单。

In its statement, the Treasury department said Russian government cyber actors have since 2016 targeted US government entities and “multiple US critical infrastructure sectors” — among them energy, nuclear, commercial facilities, water, aviation, and manufacturing.

美国财政部在声明中表示，自2016年以来，俄罗斯政府的网络行动者把美国政府实体和“多个美国关键基础设施部门”(包括能源、核能、商业设施、水务、航空和制造)视为目标。

A senior national security official said the US had discovered that cyber actors conducted network reconnaissance on the systems that run US factories and America’s energy grid. The breach of the grid has alarmed national security officials and bears out long-held concerns at the Pentagon that Moscow will seek to disable critical US infrastructure.

负责国家安全的一名美国高官表示，美国发现，俄方的网络行动者对维持美国工厂运行的系统以及美国的电网进行了网络侦察。电网遭到侵入使国家安全官员们感到震惊，这也应验了五角大楼的长期担忧，即莫斯科方面将寻求让美国的关键基础设施停摆。

Among the entities targeted by the Treasury sanctions are the Federal Security Service, Russia’s key intelligence organisation, as well as the Main Intelligence Directorate, or GRU.

在被美国财政部列为制裁对象的实体中，有俄罗斯主要情报机构联邦安全局(FSB)，还有俄军总参谋部情报总局(GRU)。

The sanctions hit the three entities and 13 Russian individuals indicted by special counsel Robert Mueller last month for interference in the 2016 presidential election. Among them is the internet Research Agency, an organisation accused of being a “troll farm” that spreads propaganda and disinformation.

制裁对象包括上月被特别检察官罗伯特•穆勒(Robert Mueller)指控干涉2016年美国总统选举的三个实体和13名俄罗斯人。其中一个实体是“互联网研究机构”(Internet Research Agency)，该组织被指是一个“喷子制造厂”(troll farm)，专门散布宣传内容和假消息。

In February, Mr Mueller charged the IRA and linked companies and individuals with operating a well-funded propaganda campaign from within the US to “sow discord” and support the Trump presidential campaign while attacking Democratic rival Hillary Clinton.

2月，穆勒向互联网研究机构提出刑事指控，并称相关公司和个人在美国境内从事资金充足的宣传活动，目的是“播下不和谐的种子”，支持特朗普的总统竞选，同时攻击民主党竞选对手希拉里•克林顿(Hillary Clinton)。

The IRA and its employees allegedly acquired US identities and posed as Americans while using Facebook and other social media to organise political rallies and spread information about divisive social and political issues. The Treasury’s announcement on Thursday echoed Mr Mueller’s indictment and said the IRA had sought to “interfere with the 2016 US election”.

据称，“互联网研究机构”及其雇员获得美国身份，并冒充是美国人，利用Facebook和其他社交媒体来组织政治集会，渲染撕裂美国的社会和政治问题。美国财政部周四的宣布呼应了穆勒的控罪书，称“互联网研究机构”试图“干涉2016年美国大选”。

Among the sanctioned individuals is Yevgeny Prigozhin, who the Treasury said funded the IRA’s interference in the presidential election. Mr Prigozhin has been dubbed “Putin’s chef” as his company Concord, also sanctioned on Thursday, has catering contracts with the Kremlin. Mr Prigozhin was previously targeted by the US in 2016 as part of sanctions related to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

受到制裁的个人之一是叶甫根尼•普里戈任(Yevgeny Prigozhin);美国财政部表示，他曾资助“互联网研究机构”干涉美国总统大选。普里戈任有“普京的厨师”之称，因为他的公司Concord——也在周四被列入制裁名单——与克里姆林宫订立了餐饮招待合同。普里戈任在2016年也曾被美国制裁，那次是作为与俄罗斯入侵乌克兰有关的制裁措施的一部分。

“The administration is confronting and countering malign Russian cyber activity, including their attempted interference in US elections, destructive cyber attacks, and intrusions targeting critical infrastructure,” said Mr Mnuchin in a statement.

“本届行政当局正在对抗和反制俄罗斯的恶意网络活动，包括他们企图干涉美国选举、破坏性的网络攻击以及针对关键基础设施的入侵，”姆努钦在一份声明中表示。

“These targeted sanctions are a part of a broader effort to address the ongoing nefarious attacks emanating from Russia. Treasury intends to impose additional . . . sanctions, informed by our intelligence community, to hold Russian government officials and oligarchs accountable for their destabilising activities by severing their access to the US financial system.”

“这些有针对性的制裁是更广泛努力的一部分，目的是应对俄罗斯正在进行的穷凶极恶的攻击。财政部打算根据我国情报部门提供的证据，实施更多……制裁，通过切断从事破坏活动的俄罗斯政府官员和寡头进入美国金融体系的渠道，来追究他们的责任。”