特朗普预算计划：未来10年新增2000亿美元基建支出

The White House on Monday proposed taking an additional decade to balance the US budget as it delivered a spending plan that relies on aggressive growth predictions to close a yawning budget gap drawing increased scrutiny from financial markets.

白宫周一提议多花10年时间平衡美国的预算。它提交的支出计划依赖激进的增长预测来弥合越来越大的预算缺口，引发金融市场加大关注。

The new $4.4tn plan for 2019, which includes a plan for $200bn in new infrastructure spending over the next decade, came just days after Donald Trump signed off on a two-year spending bill that includes large increases in defence and domestic outlays which are baked into the new budget proposal.

新的4.4万亿美元2019年计划包括未来10年期间新增2000亿美元基础设施支出。该计划出炉的几天前，唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)签署批准了一份两年支出法案，其中包括国防和国内支出的大幅增加，这些增加已被纳入新的预算提案。

The move towards freer spending coincides with growing anxiety in financial markets over the prospect of rising interest rates and the wisdom of injecting fiscal stimulus into an economy at or near full employment.

白宫转向更加大手笔的支出之际，对于利率上升的前景，以及对于向处于或接近充分就业的经济注入财政刺激是否明智，金融市场日益焦虑。

The benchmark 10-year Treasury bond on Monday traded at four-year lows, reflecting investor nervousness that the Federal Reserve may need to put a brake on an over-heating economy.

基准的10年期美国国债周一跌至四年最低价位，反映了投资者对于美联储(Federal Reserve)可能需要对过热的经济踩下刹车的紧张情绪。

Although Republicans control both houses of Congress, the Trump administration has sought to blame Democrats for the $1.2tn budget deficit next year that will result from last week’s two-year deal.

虽然共和党控制着国会两院，但对于上周的两年支出计划将在明年导致1.2万亿美元预算赤字，特朗普政府试图怪罪民主党人。

But in the spending plan for fiscal 2019 sent to Congress on Monday, the White House abandoned a pledge to close the deficit within a decade included in its first budget last year. Instead, the administration said its new plan would see the budget in deficit until fiscal 2039.

但在周一发给国会的2019财年支出计划中，白宫放弃了在去年第一份预算中作出的在10年内消除赤字的承诺。相反，特朗普政府现在表示，新的支出计划意味着预算赤字将持续到2039财年。

“We’re going to get the American people roads that are fixed and bridges that are fixed and for any reason [lawmakers] don’t want to support it — hey, that’s going to be up to them,” said Mr Trump.

“我们将给美国人民带来修复的道路，修复的桥梁，如果(立法者)出于任何原因不想支持它——嘿，那将是他们的事情，”特朗普表示。

“What was very important to me was the military. What was very important to me was the tax cuts and what was very important to me was regulation. This is of great importance,” Mr Trump said, referring to the infrastructure spending boost. “But it’s not nearly in that category. Because the states will do it themselves if we don’t do it. But I’d like to help the states do it.”

“对我来说非常重要的是军队。对我来说非常重要的是减税，对我来说非常重要的是监管。这很重要，”特朗普说道，他指的是加大基建支出，“但它远远不属于那种类别。因为如果我们不做的话，各州会自己做。但我想帮助各州做这件事。”

The administration also laid out growth forecasts many analysts believe are overly optimistic, predicting 3 per cent growth in real gross domestic product, a figure the White House said would help reduce the US debt burden in the long term.

特朗普政府还采用了许多分析师认为过于乐观的增长预测：预计实际国内生产总值(GDP)增长3%，白宫称，长远而言这样的增长将有助于减轻美国债务负担。

The centrepiece of Mr Trump’s budget is a $200bn infrastructure plan, which the administration wants to use to spur $1.5tn in spending on roads, bridges and energy infrastructure nationally.

特朗普预算的核心是2000亿美元的基础设施计划，行政当局希望借此在全国范围带动1.5万亿美元的道路、桥梁和能源基础设施支出。

Like last year’s budget, the Trump plan also calls for major increases in defence spending and cuts for civilian agencies such as the State department and the Environmental Protection Agency. But such cuts have also proven unpopular with Congress, which controls the federal purse strings.

像去年的预算一样，特朗普的计划还呼吁大幅增加国防支出，同时削减国务院和环境保护局等文职机构的预算。但这类削减也已被证明不受国会的欢迎;美国国会控制着联邦政府的钱包。

Under the White House plan, EPA spending would be cut by 34 per cent compared to its 2017 levels, while State spending would be cut by 26 per cent.

根据白宫的计划，美国环保局的支出将比2017年水平下降34%，而国务院的支出将被砍掉26%。

Spending by Health and Human Services would be cut by 21 per cent, while the Department of Housing and Urban Development would drop by over 18 per cent.

卫生和公众服务部的支出将减少21%，而住房和城市发展部的支出将下降逾18%。

Meanwhile, defence department spending would rise by 13 per cent compared to the 2017 levels, while Department of Homeland Security spending would increase by 8 per cent, as Mr Trump pushes ahead with his plans for a wall on the US-Mexico border.

与此同时，国防部的支出将比2017年增加13%，而国土安全部的支出将增加8%，特朗普将推进他在美墨边界修筑一道隔离墙的计划。