欧洲银行界：大型科技集团应受到金融监管

Big Tech’s move into banking is threatening financial stability and the biggest US and Chinese technology groups should be subject to some of the same regulation as big banks, according to top European finance chiefs.

据欧洲金融业高管们表示，大型科技公司进军银行业正在威胁到金融稳定，而美国和中国最大的科技集团应该受到和大银行一样的某些监管。

Europe’s introduction this year of “open banking” regulation, which forces lenders to provide access to accounts of customers who authorise it, has left senior bankers worrying that tech groups will cherry-pick the best parts of their business.

欧洲今年推出的“开放银行业”法规迫使银行提供授权客户的账户访问，这让高级银行家们担心科技集团将会挑挑拣拣，拿走他们最好的业务。

Francisco González, executive chairman of Spanish bank BBVA, has warned that groups such as Facebook and Amazon in the US and Alibaba and Tencent in China will “replace many banks”. He called on a global body such as the G20 to take action, saying “authorities [need] to bring order to this massive change” that could “pose risks to financial stability”.

西班牙对外银行(BBVA)执行董事长弗朗西斯科•冈萨雷斯(Francisco González)警告称，美国的Facebook和亚马逊(Amazon)以及中国的阿里巴巴(Alibaba)和腾讯(Tencent)等集团将会“取代多家银行”。他呼吁20国集团(G20)等全球机构采取行动，他说：“当局(需要)为这一可能给金融稳定带来风险的巨大变化带来秩序。”

Banks will be at a disadvantage as they face intensifying competition from Big Tech groups because of uneven regulation between the two sectors, Mr González said, adding: “If I need capital to lend then let’s have the same rules for everyone — for the internet giants too.”

银行将会处于劣势——由于两个行业受到不均衡的监管，它们面临着大型科技集团日益加强的竞争。冈萨雷斯表示：“如果我需要资本才能放贷，那就让大家都面对同样的规则——包括那些互联网巨头。”

Having dabbled in financial services for years, tech groups are deepening their activity.

涉足金融业务多年的科技集团如今正在深耕这一市场。

Amazon is providing payment services and loans to merchants on its platform, while Facebook recently secured an electronic money licence in Ireland. Alibaba and Tencent have become dominant operators in China’s $5.5tn payments industry.

亚马逊在其平台上向商家提供支付服务和贷款，而Facebook最近在爱尔兰获得了电子货币许可证。阿里巴巴和腾讯已经成为在中国5.5万亿美元支付行业中占据主导地位的运营商。

Ralph Hamers, chief executive of Dutch bank ING, said new European “open banking” regulation had opened the door to the tech groups entering the market. “That is a threat to banks — because they have much more money to burn,” he told the Financial Times.

荷兰国际集团(ING)首席执行官拉尔夫•哈默斯(Ralph Hamers)表示，欧洲新出台的“开放银行业”法规为科技集团进入这一市场打开了大门。他对英国《金融时报》表示：“这是对银行的威胁——因为科技集团有实力‘烧’更多的钱。”

“If they get this data they will go full circle as they don’t currently have transactional data on what people buy,” he added. “As a society we should think about that concentration of power.”

他补充说：“如果它们得到这些数据，它们就掌握了整个过程，因为它们目前还没有关于人们购买什么的交易数据。作为一个社会，我们应该考虑权力集中的问题。”

Big Tech has been criticised recently on a number of issues, ranging from enabling Russian election meddling, tax-avoidance, anti-competitive behaviour and publishing extremist content.

大型科技公司近期在一系列问题上受到批评，包括为俄罗斯插手大选创造条件、避税、反竞争行为和发表极端主义内容。