印度成为“光伏战”新战场
印度已成为最新的“光伏战”战场，这场“战争”围绕的是保护本土太阳能电池板制造商免受定价低廉的中国竞争对手伤害。印度监管机构正计划开征一项税率为70%的进口关税，而该国的太阳能发电开发商警告称，此举可能会使该国快速发展的太阳能发电产业陷入停滞。
Some of the country’s biggest builders of solar farms are battling proposals by Indian regulators to impose an emergency tax on solar cells imported from China and Malaysia, as well as more developed economies. The plans are likely to have a big impact on the Chinese industry, which has ramped up exports to India in part because of domestic oversupply.
印度的一些大型太阳能电场开发商，正针对该国监管机构提出的、对进口自中国、马来西亚及较发达经济体的太阳能电池征收紧急税的方案展开斗争。该方案很可能会给中国的太阳能电池行业带来较大影响。中国已加大了对印度的太阳能电池出口，这在一定程度上是由于中国国内供应过剩。
The duty was called for by some of India’s biggest panel makers, led by Adani Group, which is controlled by the billionaire businessman Gautam Adani.
以亿万富翁商人高塔姆•阿达尼(Gautam Adani)控制的阿达尼集团(Adani Group)为首，一批印度最大的太阳能电池板制造商呼吁征收此税。
Their case was accepted by New Delhi’s directorate general of safeguards, which said it would propose an immediate 70 per cent tariff for 200 days until it can reach a more permanent conclusion.
它们的主张得到了印度保障措施总局(DGS)的认可。该局表示，将提议开征一项税率为70%的关税，立即生效，持续200天，直至该局在此问题上得出更长期的结论。
But the report has sparked an angry response from developers who have reduced their prices in the past few years, putting the Indian solar power industry at the front of a global renewables revolution.
但这份报告引起了太阳能发电开发商的愤怒回应。过去几年，这些太阳能发电开发商降低了价格，使印度太阳能发电行业走在了全球可再生能源革命的前端。
It has also attracted criticism from smaller manufacturers, which say that by including raw materials under the tariff, the regulator has made it much more expensive for them to make panels. Only a handful of Indian companies make the individual cells that are then knitted together to make the panels, one of which will soon be Adani.
该报告也引起了较小的太阳能电池制造商的批评，它们表示，监管机构将太阳能发电原材料纳入征收该关税的范围内，令它们制造太阳能电池板的成本大幅提高。只有少数几家印度公司制造太阳能电池片(太阳能电池板由这些电池片拼接而成)，阿达尼集团很快将成为其中一员。
Abhinav Mahajan, director of IB Solar, a manufacturer based near Delhi, said: “They will kill us if they impose this tariff.”
德里附近的太阳能电池制造商IB Solar的董事阿比纳夫•马哈詹(Abhinav Mahajan)表示：“征收这种关税就是杀了我们。”
The proposals from India’s DGS are particularly sensitive, given the ambitious plans set by the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to build 100 gigawatts of new solar power by 2022.
考虑到印度总理纳伦德拉•莫迪(Narendra Modi)的政府制定的、到2022年时建成100吉瓦新增太阳能发电能力的宏伟计划，印度保障措施总局的方案显得尤为敏感。
Over the past two years the falling price of Chinese solar panel imports have allowed developers to slash the projected costs of building new solar parks.
过去两年，从中国进口的太阳能电池板的价格不断下降，使得太阳能发电开发商能够大幅削减建立新的太阳能电场的预期成本。
But some in the industry have recently begun to warn that the low bids are unsustainable, and vulnerable if the cost of panels unexpectedly rises again.
但最近一些行业人士开始警告称，这样的低报价是不可持续的，一旦太阳能电池板价格出人意料地反弹，很难保持这样的报价。
Indian manufacturers for their part have welcomed the plans, arguing that they would boost Mr Modi’s hopes to boost domestic manufacturing, under a scheme he calls “Make in India”.
印度的太阳能电池板制造商则欢迎这个征税方案，称此举对莫迪所期待的提振印度制造业(莫迪本人称该计划为“印度制造”)是件好事。
Adani would not comment on the findings. But Dhruv Sharma, chief executive of Jupiter Capital, one of the co-petitioners, challenged the idea that it would harm power generators. “How are they going to sell cheap power if there is no manufacturing in this country?” he said. “We want cheap electricity, but beyond a certain balancing point we will have no manufacturing.”
阿达尼不愿对印度保障措施总局的初步结论置评。但另外一家参与请愿活动的公司Jupiter Capital的首席执行官杜鲁夫•夏尔马(Dhruv Sharma)对征税将损害印度太阳能发电产业的说法提出了异议。“如果这个国家没有制造业了，它们将如何卖出廉价的电力?”他说，“我们想要廉价的电力，但超过某个平衡点，我们就没有制造业了。”
