台湾不畏能源安全隐忧推动能源转型
台湾正在推动一项优化电力结构的雄心勃勃的计划，尽管存在着能源安全方面的担忧。目前，台湾政府正面临越来越大的压力，要求其解决日益严重的空气污染问题。
The government has faced growing calls to tackle the toxic smog that blights many parts of Taiwan — thousands took to the streets last month to protest against coal-fired power.
要求政府采取措施应对笼罩台湾多地的有害雾霾的呼声越来越高——上月，数千人走上街头抗议燃煤发电。
President Tsai Ing-wen and her Democratic Progressive party are pushing ahead with a proposal to cut coal use and boost renewable generation. But cost uncertainties, Taiwan’s acute energy supply problems and a pledge to phase out nuclear power on the earthquake-prone island threaten to complicate the plan.
台湾总统蔡英文(Tsai Ing-wen)和她领导的民进党正在推动一项减少使用煤炭和促进可再生能源发电的提议。但成本的不确定性、台湾尖锐的能源供应问题，以及在这个地震多发海岛上逐步淘汰核电的承诺，都有可能让这一计划节外生枝。
“We do see it as ambitious,” said Jennifer Morgan, Greenpeace executive director. “It is pretty unique that they are trying to deal with both [nuclear and climate change risks] at the same time.”
绿色和平(Greenpeace)全球总干事詹妮弗•摩根(Jennifer Morgan)表示：“我们确实认为这个目标很高。他们正试图同时应对(核风险和气候变化风险)，这是相当独特的情况。”
The government aims to lift renewables’ share of Taiwan’s power mix from 6 per cent to 20 per cent over the next seven years via construction of offshore wind farms and solar installations, and to reduce carbon emissions to 20 per cent of 2005 levels by 2030.
台湾政府的目标是，通过兴建海上风电场和安装太阳能装置，在未来7年内将可再生能源占台湾电力构成的份额从6%提高到20%，到2030年时将碳排放量削减至2005年水平的20%。
The plan may boost the attractiveness of the high-tech manufacturers that supply tech giants such as Apple and drive Taiwan’s economy — Apple is looking to prioritise partners that act to reduce their impact on climate change.
这个计划可能会提高为苹果(Apple)等科技巨头供货、支撑台湾经济的那些高科技制造商的吸引力——苹果正在考虑优先选择那些采取行动减少对气候变化的影响的合作伙伴。
But the speed of the transition threatens energy security in an already fragile power system.
但在一个业已脆弱的电力系统中，这场转型的速度威胁到能源安全。
“Everyone has concern, not only the chipmakers,” said the Taiwan Semiconductor Industry Association. “We need a stable power supply.”
台湾半导体产业协会(Taiwan Semiconductor Industry Association)表示：“所有人都在担心，不仅仅是芯片制造商。我们需要稳定的电力供应。”
A power outage in August hit millions across Taiwan, prompting the resignation of Lee Chih-Kung as economic affairs minister. Now authorities are rushing to build new wind and solar capacity while installing a suite of new gas-fired turbines and LNG import terminals, which will be critical in cutting the use of coal.
去年8月那场停电影响到台湾各地的数百万户家庭，并导致台湾经济部长李世光(Lee Chih-Kung)辞职。现在台湾当局正加速兴建新的风能和太阳能设施，同时安装新的燃气发电组机和液化天然气进口终端，这对减少煤炭的使用至关重要。
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co, the sole supplier of chips for Apple’s latest iPhones and one of Taiwan’s largest energy users, is set to build a $20bn facility in Tainan and notes that the government has made “clear commitments” to resolve the country’s electricity issues.
台湾积体电路制造股份有限公司(Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company，简称：台积电)将在台南兴建一家200亿美元的工厂，并指出政府“明确承诺”要解决台湾的电力问题。台积电是苹果最新一代iPhone手机的唯一芯片供应商，也是台湾最大的电力用户之一。
Officials say a delay on a single project could derail the entire plan and increase the likelihood of further blackouts.
官员们表示，只要有一个项目延误，就可能会使整个计划失败，并增加再次发生停电的可能性。
“This is a very tight schedule,” said TaiPower, the state-owned utility.
国有的台湾电力公司(TaiPower)表示：“这是一个非常紧张的时间表。”
The government has also committed to ban the sale of fossil fuel-powered motorcycles and cars by 2035 and 2040 respectively, which will put more pressure on electricity demand as consumers switch to electric vehicles.
台湾政府还承诺到2035年禁止销售使用化石燃料的摩托车、到2040年禁止销售使用化石燃料的汽车——随着消费者改用电动车，电力需求将会面临更大压力。
Frequent typhoons in summer, the risk of earthquakes, and rough seas and strong winds throughout winter mean wind power engineers are encountering challenges “that have not been faced anywhere in the world”, said Thomas Probst, a project manager with Danish engineering consultancy Niras, which is advising TaiPower on the offshore projects.
丹麦工程咨询公司Niras的项目经理托马斯•普罗布斯特(Thomas Probst)表示，夏季频发的台风、地震风险，以及整个冬季不断的狂风巨浪，意味着风力发电工程师正面临着“世界上任何其他地方都没有的”挑战。Niras正在为台湾电力公司提供海上风电项目方面的咨询。
Developers are confident the plan can be realised and international companies are flocking to Taiwan to bid for new projects after legislation was passed to end Taipower’s monopoly by opening renewable projects to private companies.
开发商有信心完成这个计划，同时在台湾通过了向私营公司开放可再生能源项目、终结台湾电力公司的垄断的法案之后，国际企业纷纷涌向台湾竞投新项目。
“There is a very good wind resource in this region and the government is pushing this industry, giving some very favourable feed-in-tariffs for the developers,” said Mr Probst. “It seems very likely that a large capacity will be installed between 2020 and 2025.”
普罗布斯特表示：“这个地区风力资源非常好，政府正在推动发展这个行业，为开发商提供一些非常有利的上网电价。风电装机容量看上去很可能在2020年到2025年大大提升。”
There are, however, also questions about future power price increases. Early estimates put the investment in wind power, alone, at $19.2bn, but government agencies remain unclear on the total costs of the transition.
不过还有未来电力价格上涨的问题。早期的估算显示，仅风电投资就达到了192亿美元，但相关政府机构仍然不清楚整个能源转型的总成本。
