解密文件显示美国曾支持印尼1965年屠杀

The US actively supported the Indonesian military’s killing of as many as 1m suspected Communist sympathisers in the mid-1960s despite concerns about the reasons behind the massacre, according to newly declassified American documents.

根据最新解密的美国文件，美国曾在上世纪60年代中期积极支持印尼军队杀害多达100万名可疑共产党同情者，尽管美国对这场屠杀背后的原因表示关切。

Some 30,000 pages of files from the US embassy in Jakarta — declassified on Tuesday — showed that the US provided the Indonesian military with money, weapons and lists of Communist officials during the 1965-66 killings, which came at the height of anti-Communist sentiment in the Cold War.

来自美国驻雅加达大使馆的大约3万页文件周二被解密，这些文件显示，在1965年至1966年的大屠杀期间，美国曾向印尼军队提供金钱、武器和共产党官员的名单，当时正值冷战反共情绪最高涨时期。

The documents also show that the US had credible information to contradict the Indonesian military’s claims that the killing of six army generals in a botched September 1965 coup had been ordered by the Indonesian Communist party (PKI).

这些文件还显示，美国有可靠的信息反驳印尼军队的说法。印尼军队声称，在1965年9月一次未遂政变中杀害6名军队将军的命令是由印尼共产党(PKI)下达的。

The massacre, which the documents show was scrupulously recorded by the US, paved the way for the 32-year military dictatorship of Suharto.

这次屠杀为苏哈托32年的军事独裁铺平了道路，解密文件显示，美国认真记录了此次屠杀。

“The files . . . comprise the largest and most complete record of Indonesian politics at that time,” said Bradley Simpson, an Indonesian history professor at Northwestern University who led the files’ digitisation. “Particularly because the Indonesian government hasn’t declassified most of its own records from the period.”

“这些文件……包括对当时印尼政治规模最大且最完整的记录，”负责文件数字化的美国西北大学(Northwestern University)印尼史教授布莱德利•辛普森(Bradley Simpson)表示，“尤其是因为印尼政府没有解密那段时期的多数记录。”

According to a November 1965 file, US officials were informed that the killing of the six army generals was not necessarily the doing of the PKI, but may have been an “intra-government operation to seize [a] limited group of top generals”.

根据1965年11月的一份文件，美国官员得到消息，杀害6名军队将军的行为不一定是印尼共产党所为，可能是一次“捉拿一些最高级将军的政府间行动”。

The files also show that US officials were informed that many confessions from suspected Communists had been falsified by the Indonesian military.

这些文件还显示，美国官员得到消息，可疑共产党员的很多供词是印尼军队伪造的。

The files also contain further evidence of the US’s role in the allocation of Indonesia’s natural resources in the years following the massacre. The Indonesian economy had collapsed during the regime change, and two documents from 1967 show the Suharto administration trying to entice western companies to return to the country.

这些文件还包括更多有关在屠杀之后几年美国在印尼自然资源分配中作用的证据。在政权更迭时期，印尼经济崩溃，两份来自1967年的文件显示，苏哈托政府试图吸引西方公司回到印尼。

The declassification is a joint project of the US government-affiliated National Declassification Center and the National Security Archive, a non-profit headquartered at George Washington University in Washington, DC.

这次解密是美国政府下属的国家解密中心(National Declassification Center)和非营利组织、总部设在美国乔治华盛顿大学(George Washington University)的国家安全档案馆(National Security Archive)的合作项目。