美国要求世行反思对华放贷
特朗普政府拒绝为世界银行(World Bank)增资，以迫使该机构整改其向中国和其他中等收入国家放贷的政策，此举在华盛顿方面和北京方面之间形成一个新的紧张来源。
Jim Yong Kim, the World Bank’s president, has been pushing for extra financial resources and had hoped that shareholders would agree on at least a timetable for the increase at this week’s annual meetings in Washington.
世行行长金墉(Jim Yong Kim)正在努力寻找额外的财务资源，此前希望股东们在本周于华盛顿召开的年度会议上至少就增资时间表达成一致。
But the Trump administration has been resisting those plans and this week aired its demands, saying it wanted the World Bank to examine its own balance sheet first and in particular its lending to China, which is presently the bank’s biggest borrower.
但特朗普政府抵制这些计划，并在本周表明自己的要求，称美国希望世行先检查其资产负债表、特别是向中国发放的贷款。目前中国是世行最大的借款国。
The dispute is another sign of President Donald Trump’s antipathy for the international system and what his critics regard as a US withdrawal from global leadership. The US on Thursday said it was pulling out of Unesco, the UN cultural body. It has also taken a more combative attitude towards the UN more broadly and other international bodies such as Nato and the World Trade Organisation.
这一争执是美国总统唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)反感国际体系的又一迹象，他的批评者把此举视为美国退出全球领导地位的又一表现。周四，美国表示将退出联合国的文化机构——联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)。它还对整个联合国，以及北约(Nato)和世贸组织(WTO)等国际机构采取了更好斗的态度。
The US has been tussling with China for the last few years over control of international institutions such as the World Bank with Beijing opting to set up alternative bodies, including the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
过去几年，美国还就世行等国际机构的控制权与中国展开角力，结果北京方面选择成立替代机构，包括亚洲基础设施投资银行(Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank，简称亚投行)。
Mr Kim on Thursday defended the bank’s lending to China, saying that its engagement there informed the bank’s work across the world.
周四，金墉为世行向中国发放的贷款进行了辩护，称世行在中国展开的工作为该行在世界各地的工作提供了启迪。
“For me the rationale for us working in China is quite clear: Not only are we helping them along the development path but the lessons we learn in China . . . are very helpful to our work in other developing countries,” he told reporters.
“对我来说，我们在中国工作的理由相当明确：我们不仅帮助他们在发展道路上前进，而且我们从中国汲取的经验教训……对我们在其他发展中国家开展工作非常有用，”他向记者表示。
The World Bank, he said, needed a capital increase to respond to growing demand for its loans, acknowledging a decision was now in the hands of its shareholders. “The good news is the US is now very much part of the discussion,” he said.
他表示，世行需要增资，以应对日益增长的贷款需求，它承认该决定如今掌握在股东手里。“好消息是美国现在也参与了讨论，”他表示。
A senior US Treasury officials told Reuters this week that the World Bank needed to do “substantial work” on its balance sheet before Washington would entertain the idea of a capital increase for its main lending arm, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
美国财政部一名高级官员本周向路透社(Reuters)表示，在美国考虑为世行主要贷款机构国际复兴开发银行(IBRD)增资的设想之前，世行需要对其资产负债表做“大量工作”。
“The bottom line here is right now we’ve got too high a percentage of the World Bank’s balance sheet that’s going to countries and to projects that already have ample borrowing capacity,” the official said.
“归根结底，问题在于目前世行有太高百分比的资产负债表流向了那些已经拥有足够借款能力的国家和项目，”该官员表示。
Mr Kim has been eager to build a relationship with the Trump administration and has been working closely with Ivanka Trump, the president’s daughter and adviser, on establishing a fund for women’s empowerment. That fund is due to be launched on Saturday and has raised some $350m in donations that will allow the World Bank to deploy up to $2bn in capital, Mr Kim said.
金墉急于同特朗普政府打造关系，他一直在与特朗普的女儿和顾问伊万卡•特朗普(Ivanka Trump)密切合作，以建立一只女性赋权基金。金墉表示，该基金将于本周六成立，目前已经筹到了3.5亿美元左右的捐款，这将允许世行能够部署多达20亿美元的资金。
But the US objections to World Bank lending policies suggest Mr Kim’s vision for the bank, which has been premised heavily on engaging China, faces more serious headwinds.
但是美国反对世行贷款政策的举动，表明金墉对世行的愿景——在很大程度上基于和中国接触——面临着比较严重的阻力。
Scott Morris, a former US Treasury official now at the Center for Global Development, a think-tank, said the US position amounted to a challenge to the World Bank’s existing strategy, which has been to use lending to China to engage with Beijing and try to offset the impact of new institutions like the AIIB.
美国财政部前官员、如今就职于智库全球发展中心(Center for Global Development)的斯科特•莫里斯(Scott Morris)表示，美国的立场意味着挑战世行的现有战略，即利用向中国发放贷款与北京方面接触，试图抵消亚投行等新机构的影响。
It also amounted to the Trump administration “picking a direct fight with China” over the mission of a major international institution.
这还意味着，特朗普政府在一个大型国际机构的任务上“选择直接对抗中国”。
“It’s really setting up some pretty deep divisions going forward,” he said.
他表示，“这确实对未来造成了一些相当深层次的分歧。”
