恒大董事长许家印成中国首富

Real estate magnate Wang Jianlin has tumbled from his position as China’s wealthiest man, according to the country’s best known rich list, underscoring how a crackdown on leverage-fuelled companies pursuing foreign acquisitions has dented entrepreneurs’ fortunes.

根据中国最知名的富豪排行榜，房地产大亨王健林已丢掉中国首富的地位，凸显出政府对那些热衷于依靠债务收购境外资产的公司的打压，是如何削弱企业家财富的。

Mr Wang built Dalian Wanda from a real estate developer into a global empire spanning cinema chains, Hollywood studios and Spanish football. But its shares tumbled this year when authorities instructed banks to check their lending to acquisitive groups, and it sold off a string of assets.

王健林把大连万达(Dalian Wanda)从一家地产开发商打造成一个业务涵盖电影院线、好莱坞电影制片公司和西班牙足球俱乐部的全球帝国。但今年，在当局指导银行核查它们对那些热衷于收购的集团的贷款后，万达股价大跌，该公司已出售了一系列资产。

He has fallen to fifth place in this year’s Hurun rich list with a net worth of $23bn, down more than a quarter from last year. Xu Jiayin, head of property group Evergrande, now tops the rankings with a fortune of $43bn. Mr Xu, also known as Hui Ka-yan, has focused on the domestic market and funded domestic football.

在今年的《胡润百富榜》(Hurun rich list)上，王健林滑落到了第5位，其资产净值为230亿美元，较去年减少了逾四分之一。如今，地产集团恒大(Evergrande)董事长许家印(Hui Ka-yan)位列榜首，他的财富为430亿美元。许家印聚焦于国内市场，并资助国内足球事业的发展。

The shift in the rankings underlines how authorities are favouring entrepreneurs who support China’s domestic growth above those who pursue cross-border trophy acquisitions that deplete China’s foreign exchange reserves.

排名变化凸显出，当局青睐支持中国国内增长的企业家，而不是进行炫耀性跨境收购的人，后者所做的交易消耗了中国的外汇储备。

Benefiting from the trend were domestically focused property tycoons Yang Huiyan, the majority owner of Country Garden who moved from 22nd to fourth position, and Sun Hongbin, whose wealth rose more than sixfold to $10.7bn. Mr Sun’s company Sunac bought up much of Wanda’s hotel and theme park business for $9.3bn in July.

得益于这一趋势的还有专注于国内业务的地产大亨杨惠妍和孙宏斌。杨惠妍是碧桂园(Country Garden)的大股东，在富豪榜上从第22位上升到第4位;孙宏斌的财富增加了逾5倍，至107亿美元。今年7月，孙宏斌旗下的融创(Sunac)以93亿美元收购了万达的大部分酒店和主题乐园业务。

With state-run companies dominating China’s economy in sectors such as energy and communications, most of the list of private sector entrepreneurs is drawn from the familiar fields of real estate and manufacturing. But technology also figures prominently — Tencent founder Pony Ma and Alibaba founder Jack Ma took second and third positions respectively.

考虑到国有企业在能源和通信等行业主宰着中国经济，富豪榜上的民营企业家大多来自房地产业和制造业。但科技行业也表现突出——腾讯(Tencent)创始人马化腾(Pony Ma)和阿里巴巴(Alibaba)创始人马云(Jack Ma)分别占据富豪榜第二名和第三名。

Alibaba and its affiliate Ant Financial have 43 shareholders on this year’s list. “China’s entrepreneurs have come a long way. Back in 1999, when I put out the first list, I managed to rank 50 people. Today we have almost that number just from Alibaba,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun founder.

阿里巴巴及其关联公司蚂蚁金服(Ant Financial)有43名股东进入了今年的富豪榜。“中国的企业家们走过了很长的历程。回顾1999年，当我推出第一份榜单时，我只能把50人列入榜单。如今，仅仅阿里系的上榜人数就已接近这个数字，”《胡润百富榜》创始人胡润(Rupert Hoogewerf)说。

Women comprise 24 per cent of the rich list, topped by Ms Yang, who inherited her stake in Country Garden from her father. The average age of list members was 53.

今年富豪榜上的女性比例为24%，掌握财富最多的是从父亲手中继承了碧桂园股权的杨惠妍。上榜者平均年龄为53岁。

The list also showed a rapid increase in elite wealth, with an average annual growth rate of 60 per cent among the top 100. China’s wealth inequality outranks most advanced economies, according to Credit Suisse.

这份榜单也表明，精英人物的财富在飞速增长，前100名富豪的财富的平均年增速为60%。瑞信(Credit Suisse)数据显示，中国的财富不平等程度超过了大多数发达经济体。

Hurun found 2,130 Chinese individuals with wealth of at least $300m, but acknowledged there were many more multimillionaires in the country whose wealth was hidden.

胡润富豪榜发现，财富至少达3亿美元的中国人有2130人，但承认，中国存在更多财富被隐藏的千万富翁。

“For every one we have found, we estimate there to be two that we have missed,” said Mr Hoogewerf.

“我们估计，我们每发现一名富豪，都会漏掉两名，”胡润说。