奥巴马：全球化和技术变革引燃民粹主义

Barack Obama has blamed the rise of Donald Trump and Brexit on globalisation, technological change and suspicion of elites among millions of people still suffering the fallout of the 2008 financial crisis.

巴拉克•奥巴马(Barack Obama)将唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)崛起和英国退欧归咎于全球化、技术变革和因受到2008年金融危机冲击波影响的数以百万计的人对精英的怀疑。

Speaking in Athens during his last foreign trip as US president, Mr Obama also criticised the Republican-dominated Congress for blocking many of his policies that were designed to address issues of inequality and people’s fears about the future.

他是在作为美国总统最后一次出访期间在雅典发表这番讲话的，他还指责由共和党控制的美国国会否决了他的很多政策，而这些政策旨在解决不平等问题和人们对未来的担忧。

He said voters had reacted to the disruption caused by globalisation and rapid technological change by producing Mr Trump’s shock victory in last week’s US election and the UK’s vote to leave the EU earlier this year.

他表示，特朗普在上周的美国大选中取得令人震惊的胜利，以及英国在今年早些时候投票脱离欧盟，都源于选民对全球化和快速技术变革造成的破坏作出反应。

“Globalisation combined with technology combined with social media and constant information have disrupted peoples lives in very concrete ways — a manufacturing plant closes and suddenly an entire town no longer has what was the primary source of employment — and people are less certain of their national identities or their place in the world,” he said.

他表示：“全球化、技术以及社交媒体和源源不断的信息以非常具体的方式扰乱了人们的生活：制造业工厂关闭，突然之间整个城镇不再拥有主要就业来源，人们对自己的国民身份认同或者他们在世界上的地位变得不那么确定。”

“There is no doubt [this] has produced populist movements both from the left and the right in many countries in Europe,” he added. “When you see a Donald Trump and a Bernie Sanders — very unconventional candidates who had considerable success — then obviously there is something there that is being tapped into: a suspicion of globalisation, a desire to rein in its excesses, a suspicion of elites and governing institutions that people feel may not be responsive to their immediate needs.”

“毫无疑问，(这)导致欧洲很多国家出现了左翼和右翼的民粹运动，”他补充称，“当你看到唐纳德•特朗普和伯尼•桑德斯(Bernie Sanders)时——他们是高度非常规的候选人，却取得了巨大成功，显然存在一些正在被挖掘的思潮：对全球化的怀疑，遏止全球化过分之处的愿望，对精英以及治理机构的怀疑，人们觉得这些精英和机构可能没有对他们的迫切需求做出回应。”

Mr Obama said he had tried to address issues such as “economic dislocation” in his eight years in the White House but that many of his policies had been blocked by Congress. “The more aggressively we deal with those issues, the less those fears may develop into counterproductive approaches that pit people against each other,” he said.

奥巴马表示，他曾试图在他担任总统的8年时间里解决“经济脱臼”等问题，但他的很多政策被国会否决。他表示：“我们越是积极地处理这些问题，那些担心就越不可能演变为事与愿违的做法，让人们互相对抗。”

Asked whether he had misread the mood of US voters, he said that despite the country’s economic recovery, people were left with a mixture of “fear and anxiety” about the future and suspicious of the role of Wall Street and special interests in Washington. “A lot of people thought I did a pretty good job . . . perhaps the mood among the American people was ‘we just need to shake things up’.

在被问及他是否误读了美国选民的情绪时，他表示，尽管美国经济复苏，但人们仍对未来感到“担心和焦虑”并对华尔街和华盛顿特殊利益的角色感到怀疑。“很多人认为我做得相当不错……或许美国人民的情绪是‘我们只是需要改变一下’。”

Mr Obama warned that wrapping people’s genuine concerns in issues of ethnic, religious and cultural identity could be “a volatile mix”.

奥巴马警告称，用种族、宗教和文化认同问题来包装人们的真正关切可能构成“一个不稳定的组合”。

“Time will now tell whether the prescriptions that are being offered — whether Brexit or with respect to the US election — end up actually satisfying those people who have been fearful or angry or concerned. I think that is going to be an interesting test.”

“时间将告诉我们，目前提供的处方——不管是英国退欧还是美国选举的事情——最终能否让那些感到害怕、愤怒或担心的人满意。我认为这将是一场有意思的考验。”