直击里约奥运：领奖台之外的趣闻轶事

The gold medals and moments high of drama are all very well, but what about the strange little details that have marked out the Rio Olympics?

选手夺冠瞬间和金牌颁发时刻是奥运会全场瞩目的焦点，但其他那些同样让里约奥运大放异彩的细节，你又知道多少呢?

Here are some of the curiosities and lesser-spotted oddities witnessed so far at the Games.

本文将介绍奥运会领奖台之外，到目前为止发生的趣闻轶事。

US gymnasts' leotards are bedecked with thousands of crystals

美国体操选手们的连体紧身衣镶嵌了上千颗水晶

Simple lycra is not enough for Team USA. At this tournament, many of the women gymnasts' leotards are adorned with close to 5,000 Swarovski crystals.

美国体操队不再满足于款式朴素的莱卡料队服。在本届比赛中，许多体操女选手的队服上都镶上了施华洛世奇水晶，数目接近5000颗。

"Obviously, sparkles are not an element in the scoring," former Olympic gymnast Samantha Peszek, told the New York Times. "But it's part of the 'look good, feel good, do good' aspect."

“很显然，这些亮闪闪的装饰品无法帮助她们比赛得分，”前奥运体操选手萨曼莎•佩塞克告诉《纽约时报》的记者。“但这些水晶能让她们感到自己‘外形出色，心情愉悦，表现出彩’。”

In the last century, Olympic leotards didn't differ much from the outfit your sister would wear to ballet class. Then the sparkling fad began.

在上个世纪，奥运会的紧身衣和你家中姐妹上芭蕾舞课穿的那套并无二致。然而千禧年后，比赛紧身衣饰以闪亮配饰开始成为潮流。

In 2008, Nastia Liukin's leotard for the Beijing games had 184 crystals on it. By 2012, Gabby Douglas had 1,188 on hers. Now that figure has nearly quadrupled. "We're in a crystal arms race," Swarovski's Alexander Wellhoefer has said.

娜斯佳•柳金在2008年的奥运会上身穿镶嵌184颗水晶的紧身衣。而加布丽埃勒•道格拉斯在2012年的伦敦奥运会上身着1188颗水晶。但现在，这个镶嵌数目却几乎要翻两番!“这是一场水晶‘军备’竞赛，”施华洛世奇高层亚历山大•韦尔赫费尔曾这样打趣道。

The cost of those dazzling Team USA outfits?

这些闪闪发亮的美国队服价值多少?

About $1,200 (£912) each.

答案是每套1200美金(折合912英镑)。

There are lifeguards at all Olympic swimming events

奥运会泳池配备救生员

No bombing, no diving, no petting - you wouldn't think Olympians would need to be told all this. Or that Adam Peaty or Simone Manuel might need rescuing.

严禁推碰追逐，严禁跳水，严禁携带宠物——正如你觉得用不着和奥运选手说这些话，你一定也认为没必要为亚当•皮缇或西蒙娜•曼纽尔这样的专业选手安排救生员。

But Brazilian law insists that swimming pools over a certain size are watched over by lifeguards. There are about 75 on duty at the various Olympic centres during swimming, diving, synchronised swimming, water polo and white-water kayaking events. Some 150 lifeguards were also in attendance same at the London games in 2012.

但是巴西法律里严格规定，超过一定尺寸大小的泳池必须配备救生员。在游泳、跳水、花样游泳、水球和激流皮艇赛事期间，有约75位救生员在各个奥运场馆待命。有150位救生员还曾在2012年伦敦奥运会当值。

There isn't really very much for them to do, and onlookers have commented how bored many of them look.

实际上这些救生员没什么事可干，旁观者表示，他们当中许多人满脸写着空虚无聊。

You may think they would be pleased to have a prime seat for the games, on the other hand it's reported they get paid just £260 ($341) for a fortnight's work.

你可能会觉得他们因占据观赛最佳位置而喜不自胜，但据报道，他们工作14天的报酬只有341美金(折合260英镑)。

The mysterious squiggly trophies

神秘的曲型奖品

At previous Olympics, athletes who made the podium were handed a bouquet of flowers. But for this year's games they have been scrapped, apparently because they are "not very sustainable". It seems most were just tossed in the dustbin.

在往届的奥运会上，登上领奖台的运动员都会得到一束鲜花。但本届的奥运会东道主却没有向运动员献上鲜花，显然是因为鲜花“可持续性太低”。以往它们都难逃被丢入垃圾桶中的宿命。

Now, along with their medal, competitors are handed a multi-coloured object with a green base. At first this baffled spectators, and some competitors, such as Chinese swimmer Fu Yuanhui.

现在，当运动员接过奖牌，他们会收到一个五颜六色、基座为绿色的物体。观众起初表示丈二和尚摸不着头脑，甚至一些运动员对此也深感不解，例如中国队的游泳选手傅园慧。

There was much speculation on social media. Was it a paperweight? A napkin holder?

网友纷纷在社交媒体上发表猜想。这是写字画画用以压纸的镇纸吗?还是餐巾架?

In fact, it's a 3D model of the official Rio Olympics logo, and it reportedly doubles as a medal holder. Although it looks more than capable of weighing down a sheaf of A4 paper as well if necessary.

事实上，这是里约奥运会官方会徽的3D模型，据称还可以充当奖牌架。虽然这看上去貌似只能在必要时托住一捆A4纸。

US athletes have to pay tax on medals

美国运动员拿奖牌得交税

Olympic glory comes at a cost - if you're American, at any rate. Michael Phelps's five gold medals from Rio, plus his one silver, could cost him up to $55,000 (£42,000) in taxes, it has been estimated.

享受奥运荣誉是要付出代价的——至少美国人是。迈克尔•菲尔普斯在里约奥运会中收获五枚金牌，一枚银牌，而据估计，他因此在纳税上的开支将多达5.5万美金(折合4.2万英镑)。

This is mainly because the US Olympic Committee awards prize money to medal winners - $25,000 (£16,000) for gold, $15,000 (£10,000) for silver, and $10,000 (£6,000) for bronze - and this is considered taxable income by the US Internal Revenue Service. Many other countries give medal bonuses - Singapore's Joseph Schooling, it's reported, will get $753,000 (£573,000) for his gold.

这主要是因为美国奥委会会向奖牌获得者发放奖金——每枚金牌奖励2.5万美金(折合1.6万英镑)，每枚银牌1.5万美金(折合1万英镑)，每枚铜牌1万美金(折合6000英镑)——而这笔奖金被美国国税局纳入应税收入。还有很多国家也会为获奖运动员发放奖金——据称，夺得金牌的新加坡运动员约瑟夫•斯库林就将被国家授予75.3万美金(折合57.3万英镑)的奖励。

However, in the US the medals are also given a value and taxed, based on the value of the materials they are made of. According to Forbes magazine, a 500g gold medal from Rio is worth $564 (£429), because it is mostly silver, plated with only 6g of gold. Silver medals are worth roughly $300 (£228), and bronze medals, which are mostly made of copper, only about $4 (£3).

但在美国，奖牌被纳入应税收入范围，并根据不同材料而被明码标价。根据《福布斯》杂志的报导，里约奥运的一枚净重500克的金牌价值仅562美金(折合429英镑)，因为其主要材质是银，只有表面镀上了6克的黄金。银牌价值300美金(折合228英镑)，而铜牌主要是由铜制成，仅值4美金(折合3英镑)。

Members of the US Congress have made several efforts to make athletes' medal payments tax-exempt, but as yet to no avail.

美国国会议员曾多次提出要减免运动员的奖牌税额，但到目前为止收效甚微。

There was a bikini wax ban in Team GB's cycling squad

英国自行车队禁止比基尼蜜蜡脱毛

The British women's cycling team has enjoyed remarkable success, including gold in a thrilling team pursuit. Could this be partly thanks to instructions they received about pubic hair?

英国女子自行车队正享受着胜利的喜悦，这个团队在本届奥运中实现心愿，夺得金牌。她们的成功能否部分归功于有关私处毛发的禁令呢?

Some time ago, after a number of riders complained about saddle soreness, British Cycling organised a conference of experts to find a solution. The sages advised tilting the saddles at a slightly different angle, and encouraging the athletes to stop waxing or shaving their bikini lines. Pubic hair, it turns out, helps protect against friction and remove sweat from the skin.

前些日子，就在许多骑行运动员抱怨自行车座带来的疼痛后，英国自行车队邀请了众多专家开会共议解决方案。这些专家建议将自行车座微微调整一个角度，并鼓励运动员停止给私处脱毛。原来，比基尼部位的毛发可以缓解运动员皮肤与衣物布料等的摩擦，并帮助汗液更快蒸发。

Issuing these instructions made for some uncomfortable conversations.

当然在聊天中谈起这些上级指令的确是件挺尴尬的事。

"It was a tricky one to broach," Phil Burt, British Cycling's long-time physiotherapist, admitted to the Guardian.

“谈起这话题确实挺尴尬的，”长期担任英国自行车队理疗师的菲尔•伯特向《卫报》记者承认道。

But it seems to have worked. Burt says the medal-winners haven't had a saddle sore between them for six months.

但这个方案确实很有效果。伯特表示，这些奥运健儿们在半年内都不曾因自行车座而感到私处疼痛。

You can dive across the finish line

你可以在冲刺时采取鱼跃式冲线

It was not only in Rio's notorious green pool that diving skills earned athletes Olympic glory. Spectators discovered that Superman-style lunges work on the track, too - and are permitted by judges.

在里约臭名昭著的“碧池”上，跳水技巧让运动员屡获奥运荣誉。而观众们惊讶地发现，这种超人式的“跳水神技”在田径赛场上也能有用武之地——而且裁判还不会判犯规。

In the women's 400m final, Shaunae Miller threw herself head first across the line in dramatic fashion, inching ahead of American world champion Allyson Felix. It left Miller with "cuts and bruises, a few burns", but also gold for Bahamas.

在女子400米决赛比赛现场，肖娜•米勒出乎意料地以头触线抵达终点，仅以一英尺之遥险胜美国世界冠军埃里森•菲利克斯。这一冲线动作虽为米勒留下了“擦伤和淤肿，些许灼烧感”，但也助巴哈马收获了一枚金牌。

Joao Vitor de Oliveira qualified for the semi-finals of the 110m hurdles by executing a similar move. This wasn't the first time he'd tried it. "I broke my ribs doing it in China," the Brazilian said. "People tell me not to do it, but it comes from the heart. I put myself first."

若昂•维托尔•奥利维拉在参加男子110米跨栏半决赛时同样也采取了“飞身一扑”。他并不是第一次这么做，“在中国世锦赛的时候，我弄断了肋骨，”这位巴西运动员说道。“人们跟我说别这么做了，但是在那情境之下，我是不由自主这么做的。我只想着赢。”

To appeal against a gymnastics score you have to hand over cash...

不服体操评分结果，你得意思意思……

If a gymnast's coach thinks the judges should have awarded more points, he or she can appeal. But it costs money.

要是哪位体操队教练认为裁判员该打多点分，他/她可以提交申请，但这得花一笔钱。

Under the rules, accredited coaches on the competition floor have four minutes to lodge an inquiry and submit a $300 (£228) fee. If they submit a challenge on a second event, it's a $500 (£380) fee and on a third it's $1,000 (£760). The charges are intended to prevent spurious challenges.

根据规定，经资格认证的教练在赛场上有四分钟的时间提出异议，同时需提交300美金(228英镑)。如果该教练在第二场比赛中再次提出申诉，则需提交500美金(380英镑)，而费用将在第三次提出时升至1000美金(760英镑)。组委会收取这笔费用是为了制止假申请。

However, no amount of money will help you in boxing if you think a decision has gone against you unfairly. Under controversial new rules, there are no appeals in this Olympics. BBC boxing expert Steve Bunce believes at least two decisions that would have been appealed and overturned in previous tournaments were allowed to stand.

但是，要是在拳击比赛上，不管你对不公的比赛结果有多不满，花多少钱都于事无补。根据这项备受争议的新规定，在本届奥运会中，拳击比赛不接受任何申诉。英国广播公司(BBC)体育专家史蒂夫•邦斯认为，在本次比赛中，至少有两项裁判结果是不公正的，如果是在往届比赛本应遭到质疑甚至撤销。

But Team GB high jumper Robbie Grabarz only had to walk up and talk to someone to successfully appeal against a decision. In one jump, Grabarz rattled the bar, but it initially stayed in place. A couple of seconds later it fell down - but by this time the white flag had been raised to signal a successful jump. The judges ignored the flag and marked the jump as a failure, but reversed their decision after Grabarz protested.

而大不列颠队的跳高运动员罗比•格拉巴茨只需走上前和裁判交谈便能轻松提出对一项裁决的申诉。在一次跳高中，格拉巴茨碰到横杆，但最终没碰倒横杆。几秒后横杆倒落——而此前内场裁判已举白旗表明运动员成功跳跃。然而裁判团却无视白旗，宣布这一跳失败。在格拉巴茨表示抗议后，裁判团撤销了这一裁决。

...while in wrestling, coaches throw a stuffed toy ...

可是在摔跤比赛中，教练们抗议的方式竟是丢个毛绒玩具

Vinicius, the Olympic mascot of uncertain species (he looks a bit like a cat, but is a "a mix of different Brazilian animals", according to organisers) has made several appearances during wrestling matches.

维尼休斯是本届奥运会的吉祥物，他来自某个未知物种(他长得有点像猫，但据巴西奥组委称，这是“巴西几种动物的结合体”。)维尼休斯频频现身于摔跤比赛场上。

According to USA Wrestling's rulebook, coaches can contest a referee's decision by throwing a "soft object". When this happens, the action stops and a jury of appeal reviews the video evidence.

根据美国摔跤比赛规则手册，教练可以用丢“柔软物体”的方式表示对裁判裁决的抗议。当教练作出这一行为时，裁判员将搁浅裁决结果，并由陪审团回顾比赛视频，找出误判证据。

During previous competitions a foam brick has often been used, but it in Rio it was Vinicius.

在以往的比赛中，教练一般会抛泡沫砖表示抗议，但在里约奥运会中，教练抛出了维尼休斯。

Stuffed animals have been employed for this purpose before - at the 2014 World Championships in Finland, it was a toy bird from Angry Birds.

毛绒玩具在以往的比赛中也曾派上用场——在2014年芬兰举行的世界锦标赛中，教练们以抛“愤怒的小鸟”毛绒玩具表达对比赛结果的疑议。

Not everyone is convinced, though, that this use of the Olympic mascot adds to the dignity and prestige of the sport. "I'm still wondering where Vinicius fits in the protocol," Jason Bryant, the announcer for Olympic wrestling at Rio, told Vice.

尽管如此，并非人人都觉得在体育盛事中以这方式对待奥运吉祥物是件体面事。“我还在考虑该怎么在比赛议程里介绍维尼休斯的作用，”奥运摔跤比赛的解说员杰森•布莱恩特如实告诉《Vice》杂志的记者。

Cyclists have their sock length measured

工作人员会在自行车选手上场前测量他们袜子的长度

The sight of officials measuring the hosiery of cycling competitors is one of the event's odder spectacles.

工作人员在赛场上测量骑行选手袜子长度?这堪称奥运最诡异的奇观之一。

But under rules introduced in 2012 by Union Cycliste Internationale, the governing body of sports cycling, socks "must not exceed the mid-distance between the ankle and the knee".

但依据国际自行车联盟(UCI)在2012年出台的新规定，自行车体育主管团体决定，袜子的长度“不可超过脚踝和膝盖间距离的1/2”。

This is intended to prevent the use of compression socks, which it's thought can aid recovery and boost performance.

这是为了防止运动员穿弹力袜。这种袜子被认为可以帮助运动员恢复体能，进而取得优异的成绩。

One or two bronzes?

一枚铜牌还是两枚铜牌?

At the Rio Olympics, there are 812 gold medals to be won, 812 silver - but 864 bronze. How come? 里约奥运会上共有812枚金牌和812枚银牌——但却有864枚铜牌。这又是咋回事?

With some sports it's very simple. In doubles badminton, for instance, only one pair can win bronze, so the two semi-finalists face each other in a play-off to decide who gets it. In golf, a play-off is held in the event of a tie.

在某些运动中，这不难解释。比如在羽毛球双打比赛中，只有一对选手可以获得铜牌，在半决赛中淘汰的组员二人需再比一轮，决出这枚铜牌花落谁家。而在高尔夫球场上，铜牌归属战则会于比赛二人平局后的加赛中开展。

But in some events, such as boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling, there are two bronze medals. In some cases, a bronze goes to each eliminated semi-finalist. In others, there's what's called a repechage, where those knocked out by the eventual winners are placed in two separate pools, and compete among themselves for one of two bronzes.

但在如拳击、柔道、跆拳道和摔跤等赛事中，每场比赛会颁发两枚铜牌。某些情况下，半决赛中惨遭淘汰的选手会各获一枚铜牌。而在另些场合，会加场“补充赛”，被冠军逐出竞赛场的选手们会被分到两组，而在他们当中的补充赛将决出两枚铜牌的获得者。