英国反恐部门监视境内3000极端分子

British counter-terrorism officials are monitoring3,000 extremists in the UK that they fear couldcommit acts of domestic terror or become future“Jihadi Johns”.

英国反恐官员目前监视着英国境内3000名极端分子，担心这些人可能发动国内恐怖袭击，或成为未来的“圣战约翰”。

Many will never have travelled abroad or been officialmembers of terrorist organisations, underscoring thegrowing problem facing intelligence and securityagencies across Europe in tracking radicalcommunities of home-grown terrorists.

名单上的许多人从来没有出过国，也从来不是恐怖组织的正式成员，这突显了欧洲各国情报和安全机构在追踪由土生土长的恐怖分子构成的激进群体方面遇到的日益严重的问题。

The disclosure follows the unmasking of Londoner Mohammed Emwazi this week as thehooded murderer responsible for some of the most barbaric killings perpetrated by the IslamicState of Iraq and the Levant, or Isis.

这一消息传出之前，“伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国”(ISIS)部分最野蛮的杀戮行径的蒙面刽子手本周身份曝光，此人原来是伦敦市民，名叫穆罕默德•埃姆瓦兹(Mohammed Emwazi)。

The 3,000 figure is significantly higher than previous estimates. In late 2007, Jonathan Evans,then director general of MI5 — Britain’s domestic intelligence agency — said the SecurityService was monitoring 2,000 people.

3000人这个数字显著高于先前的估计。2007年底，英国国内情报机构军情五处(MI5)负责人乔纳森•埃文斯(Jonathan Evans)曾说，该机构监视着2000人。

The number of so-called SoIs — subjects of interest as potentially violent extremists areknown in MI5 parlance — had been stable until recent months: but the rise of Isis hasexpanded their ranks. Senior Whitehall security officials told the Financial Times there was realconcern over the impact social media was having on radical individuals in Britain and its abilityto magnify the appeal of jihadism in the Middle East.

按照MI5的用语，潜在的暴力极端分子被称为“感兴趣对象”(SoI)。这些人的数量在之前一直保持稳定，近几个月才出现变化;ISIS的兴起壮大了他们的行列。白厅高级安全官员告诉英国《金融时报》，关于社交媒体对英国境内激进人士产生的影响，以及社交媒体放大中东圣战吸引力的能力，有关方面抱有真切的担忧。

The focus of counter-terrorism efforts in Europe until now has been on preventing citizensfrom travelling to Syria and Iraq to join terror groups. An estimated 3,000 Europeans havetravelled to fight there, among them more than 500 Britons. But individuals who remain athome are increasingly being seen as high priority targets for monitoring as the incidence of“lone wolf” terror attacks grows.

此前欧洲反恐努力的焦点是阻止公民前往叙利亚和伊拉克加入恐怖组织。据估计已有3000名欧洲人前往该地区投入作战，其中包括500多名英国人。但是，随着“孤狼”恐怖袭击事件的发生率增加，留在本土的个人正日趋被视为高优先级监视目标。

They are becoming harder to track too, British officials say, because they are less likely to bemembers of groups or well-connected networks. One senior security officer described theproblem as like trying to follow the random “brownian motion” of particles in a teapot.

英国官员们表示，跟踪他们的难度也加大了，因为他们不太可能是组织或庞大网络的成员。一名高级安全官员形容就像是在追踪一个茶壶里面所有粒子的“布朗运动”。

“There have always been a lot of people [under watch]. But the perception for a long time wasthat the numbers had plateaued,” said Raffaello Pantucci, director of international securitystudies at the think-tank Rusi. “Now there is a whole new layer on top of that because thenoise from Isis in Syria and Iraq is so loud it is attracting others.”

“一直有很多人(处于监视之下)。但在一段较长时期内，各方的看法是这些人的数量已经趋于稳定，”智库——英国皇家联合军种研究院(Royal United Services Institute)的国际安全研究总监拉菲洛•潘图奇(Raffaello Pantucci)表示。“现在增添了全新的一层，因为ISIS从叙利亚和伊拉克传来的噪音如此响亮，吸引了其他人。”