睡得好才能挣得多？

睡得好才能挣得多?

The typical picture of a corporate highflier is someone who survives on very little sleep. He or she rises when it is still dark, works late and is still answering emails at two o'clock in the morning.

典型的胸怀大志的公司人士睡眠很少。他们通常在天还未亮时就起来了，工作到很晚，在凌晨两点仍在回复电子邮件。

Such people do exist, of course. The late British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, for example, was famous for operating on a few hours' sleep. Some entrepreneurs and Wall Street traders seem to follow suit.

当然，世界上确实有这样的人。比如，已故英国首相撒切尔(Margaret Thatcher)就以每天只睡几小时而知名。一些企业家和华尔街交易员似乎也跟风效仿。

But if you think you need to do the same thing to get ahead, think again. A growing body of research is finding that, on the contrary, those who get a good night's sleep are usually more productive at work. They think more clearly, quickly and creatively than those trying to get by on a few hours' rest and a gallon of caffeine.

但如果你认为必须少睡觉才能出类拔萃，你最好三思而行。越来越多的研究发现，一夜好眠的人通常在工作中效率更高。相比那些试图凭着几小时睡眠和大量咖啡因完成一天工作的人，他们的头脑更清楚、思维更敏捷、创造力也更强。

That's because sleep doesn't just rest the brain, say medical specialists. It allows the brain to perform vital maintenance and restoration tasks. Brains that get too little sleep simply cannot perform as well as those that are rested.

医疗专家称，这是因为睡眠不仅可以使你的大脑休息。睡眠还可以使大脑进行重要的维护和复原任务。睡眠太少的人的大脑表现不及睡眠充足者。

'There's no doubt that sleep deprivation affects job performance,' says the Detroit Medical Center's Safwan Badr, a former president of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 'The evidence is compelling that when you do not get enough sleep...you are not as productive.'

现供职于底特律医疗中心(Detroit Medical Center)、曾任美国睡眠医学会(American Academy of Sleep Medicine)会长的巴德尔(Safwan Badr)表示，毫无疑问，睡眠不足会影响工作表现。他说，有非常具有说服力的证据显示当你睡眠不足的时候，效率会下降。

Investors, Take Heed

投资者们，留心

Investors should also take heed: Numerous studies have found that those running on too little sleep tend to make poorer investment decisions and take needless risks as well.

投资者们也应该留意。许多研究已经发现，睡眠时间过少的人做的投资决定也更差，同时还会承担不必要的风险。

Charles Czeisler, a sleep specialist at Brigham & Women's Hospital in Boston, agrees. 'Missing a night's sleep degrades our neurobehavioral performance'-that is, our mental acuity-'by the equivalent to being legally drunk,' he says. And, he warns, this doesn't only apply if you miss one night's sleep completely; you'll see similar effects if you simply sleep too little each night over time.

波士顿Brigham & Women's Hospital的睡眠专家蔡斯勒(Charles Czeisler)同意这种观点。他说：一晚上没睡会将我们的神经行为表现(即灵敏度)降低到法定醉酒的水平。他还提醒说，不仅是整晚没睡会出现这样的情况，如果长期以来一直睡眠过少也会产生类似的影响。

For the first time, new research has attempted to put some numbers on the link between more Zzzs and more Benjamins. Matthew Gibson and Jeffrey Shrader, graduate researchers in the economics department of the University of California, San Diego, compared wage data with sleep times recorded in the U.S. Census Bureau's American Time Use Survey. Their conclusion: For those who are sleeping too little, 'a one-hour increase in long-run average sleep increases wages by 16%, equivalent to more than a year of schooling.'

新的研究也首次尝试将睡眠时间与赚钱之间的关系数据化。吉布森(Matthew Gibson)与施雷德(Jeffrey Shrader)是加州大学圣迭戈分校(University of California, San Diego)经济系的研究人员。吉布森与施雷德将工资数据与美国人口普查局(Census Bureau)所做的美国人时间使用调查(American Time Use Survey)中的睡眠数据进行了对比。他们得出的结论是，对于睡眠时间过少的人来说，长期平均睡眠时间每增加1小时，工资便会增加16%，这种增幅相当于返回学校重念一年多书的效果。

Adults need eight hours of sleep on average, experts say. There is some variation between individuals, but it is far less than many think. Many of those who think they can be just as productive with a lot less are fooling themselves, he says. In round numbers, the percentage of adults who can really get by on five hours or less per night 'is about zero,' says Dr. Czeisler.

专家们说，成年人需要的睡眠时间平均为8小时。有些人认为不需要太多睡眠时间也可以保持同样的生产力，但是蔡斯勒说这当中许多人是在欺骗自己。蔡斯勒说，大致上来说，每晚只需5个小时或以下睡眠时间的成年人比例几乎“为零”。

It's easy to be fooled. Research suggests that tired professionals are still able to go through the motions of their jobs-such as sitting in meetings, understanding reports, and performing the kinds of routine professional tasks they usually undertake.

我们很容易被蒙蔽。研究发现，疲劳的专业人士仍能应付一些工作上的事情，例如开会、看懂报告以及执行日常的工作任务。

Modern corporations often push key employees to go short on sleep, demanding they work longer hours and stay in touch late at night. But sleep loss impairs higher-level brain skills.

现代企业经常要求重要员工减少睡眠，要求他们长时间工作，而且到夜里很晚都要确保联系得上。但睡眠减少会损害高层次大脑机能。

When we are tired, we find it much harder to think innovatively and to make creative leaps, say researchers. We find it harder to adapt our thinking to new information or to learn new lessons. We struggle to make good judgments in very ambiguous situations. We are also more vulnerable to mood swings, more irritable and less able to get along with others.

研究人员表示，当我们处于疲劳状态时，我们的思维很难有创新性，也很难做出创新性的举措，我们的思维也很难适应新信息或学习新课程。当遇到捉摸不定的情况时，我们很难做出正确的判断。我们还更容易出现情绪波动，更容易发怒，也更难和别人相处。

Consider: At England's Loughborough University in 1999, researchers Yvonne Harrison and James Horne tested the effects of sleep deprivation on a small group of healthy young participants. They were given complex business-situation tasks in the form of a game, as well as some critical reading tasks. Those who went short on sleep were able to keep up with the reading, they found. But when it came to the complex game, 'their play collapsed,' they reported.

一个例子。1999年，英格兰拉夫堡大学(Loughborough University)的研究人员哈里森(Yvonne Harrison)和霍恩( James Horne)测试了睡眠不足对一小组健康年轻人的影响。这些参加测试的人要以游戏的方式完成复杂的商业环境下的任务以及一些重要的阅读任务。研究人员发现，那些睡眠不足的人在阅读方面还能跟得上，但到复杂游戏时，他们的游戏就进行不下去了。

'Herd Mentality'

“从众心理”

In other words, if you're a white-collar professional, sleep loss may not get you fired. But it may be stopping you from doing the things that would get you a promotion. It may even help explain the 'herd mentality' often seen on Wall Street.

换句话说，如果你是一名职业白领，睡眠不足也许不会让你被解雇，但可能会影响你的工作，使你失去升迁的机会。这也许还有助于解释华尔街经常出现的“从众心理”。

Yet even as more of us are working in jobs that require innovative and creative thinking, we are getting less and less sleep.

即便我们中越来越多的人正在从事需要创新和创造性思维的工作，我们却睡得越来越少。

We get far less sleep than our grandparents, say specialists. Dr. Czeisler says 20% to 30% of workers sleep less than six hours a night during the week. Fifty years ago, he says, the number was around 2% to 3%.

专家称，我们的睡眠要远远少于我们的祖父母一辈。蔡斯勒博士说，有20%至30%的工人一周中每晚的睡眠时间少于六小时。他称五十年前这一比例大约为2%至3%。

Experts blame electric lights, alarm clocks, and now the Internet and smartphones.

专家们将此归咎于电灯、闹钟，以及现在的互联网和智能手机。

'If you need an alarm clock to wake you up, by definition, you're not getting enough sleep,' warns Dr. Czeisler. Some patients tell him they keep their smartphones by their bedside table so they can check emails last thing at night, first thing in the morning, and in the middle of the night if they wake up.

蔡斯勒博士警告称，根据定义，如果你需要闹钟把你叫醒，你就没有获得充足睡眠。一些病人告诉他，他们将智能手机放在床头柜上，以便睡前最后一刻和醒来的第一件事可以查收邮件，夜里醒来的时候也可以看看邮件。

His verdict: 'It's insane.'

他的结论是：这太疯狂了。