温家宝2011年在英国皇家学会的演讲

Tomorrow's China will be a country that fully achieves democracy, the rule of law, fairness and justice. The struggles against feudal autocracy in the human history gave birth to the concepts of democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality and human rights. These ideas have greatly emancipated the human mind, although they may be achieved in different ways and forms in different societies and countries. People's democracy is the soul of socialism. Without democracy, there is no socialism. Without freedom, there is no real democracy. Without guarantee of economic and political rights, there is no real freedom. To be frank, corruption, unfair income distribution and other ills that harm people's rights and interests still exist in China. The best way to resolve these problems is to firmly advance the political structural reform and build socialist democracy under the rule of law.

我们要尊重和保障人权，依法保障全体社会成员平等参与、平等发展的权利。我们要健全对政府权力的制约和监督机制，保证人民赋予的权力真正为人民谋福利。中国曾经是封建主义影响很深的国家，新中国成立后曾经历十年“文革”的浩劫，在开放的环境下又出现一些新的情况和问题。发扬民主，健全法制，加强对权力的有效监督，仍然是一项长期而艰巨的任务。我们要创造条件让人民监督和批评政府，使政府不敢懈怠、避免产生腐败。人民的责任感和民主精神，将带动社会的进步。人民参与社会管理和公共事务越多，推动社会进步的能量就越大。

We are committed to respecting and protecting human rights. Pursuant to the law, we protect the right of all members of society to equal participation and development. We will improve mechanisms for checking and supervising government powers so as to ensure that these powers entrusted by the people are exercised in people's interests. China was long under the influence of feudalism. After the founding of New China, the country went through the turmoil of the decade-long Cultural Revolution. Since China opened itself, some new developments and problems have occurred. To promote democracy, improve the legal system and strengthen effective oversight of power remains a long and arduous task for us. We need to create conditions for people to oversee and criticize the government to make the government live up to its responsibility and prevent corruption. With a keen sense of responsibility and democracy, people will spur social progress. The more the people participate in social management and public affairs, the greater the momentum there will be to sustain social progress.

近些年来，我们在深化经济体制改革的同时，积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革。在推进政府决策科学化、民主化，加强人民对政府的监督等方面，也有许多进步。例如，实行政务公开，政府预算公开，推行电子政务、听证制度和专家咨询制度等。我已连续三年在作《政府工作报告》之前，在网上同网民交流。今年春，我在新华网在线交流时，收到网民来贴40多万条，手机信息11万多条，页面访问量近3亿人次。同这些普通民众的交流，是心对心的交流，可以直接体察人民的喜怒哀乐和对政府的诉求，有利于改进政府工作。

In recent years, while deepening the economic structural reform, we have actively and steadily advanced the political structural reform. Much progress has been made in making government decision-making sound and democratic and enhancing public oversight of the government. For example, we have made government affairs and budgets more transparent and introduced such practices as e-government, public hearing and expert consulting. During the past three years, before I delivered the Report on the Work of the Government each year, I had an online dialogue with the public. During this year's dialogue with the public in spring on the website of the Xinhua News Agency, I received over 400,000 posts and more than 110,000 text messages, and the webpage was visited nearly 300 million times. I opened my heart to the people, and this direct engagement enabled me to learn about what is on their minds and what they want from the government. This helps the government improve its performance.

未来的中国，将是一个更加开放包容、文明和谐的国家。一个国家、一个民族，只有开放包容，才能发展进步。唯有开放，先进和有用的东西才能进得来；唯有包容，吸收借鉴优秀文化，才能使自己充实和强大起来。

Tomorrow's China will be a more open, inclusive, culturally advanced and harmonious country. A country or a nation will grow and progress only when it is open and inclusive. Only an open country can introduce all that is advanced and useful. And only an inclusive society can enrich and strengthen itself by drawing on the strengths of fine foreign cultures.

我们不仅要在经济领域、科技领域继续扩大对外开放，而且在文化建设、社会管理等领域也要大胆博采众长。中国在推进现代化过程中遇到的诸多问题，如能源问题、环境问题、贫富差距问题、司法公正问题和廉政问题等，许多发达国家都曾经遇到过。对各国的成功经验，我们要认真借鉴；对别人走过的弯路，我们不应重复；对世界面临的难题，我们要同国际社会一道来破解。

We should not only continue to open up in economic, scientific and technological fields, but also boldly learn from others in promoting cultural progress and social management. In its modernization drive, China has encountered various problems in he fields of energy, the environment, wealth distribution, judicial justice and government integrity. These are problems that many developed countries have run into before. We will learn from the successful experience of other countries while avoiding their mistakes. We will work with the rest of the international community to address common challenges facing the world.

我们要创造更加良好的政治环境和更加自由的学术氛围，让人民追求真理、崇尚理性、尊重科学，探索自然的奥秘、社会的法则和人生的真谛。做学问、搞科研，尤其需要倡导“独立之精神，自由之思想”。正因为有了充分的学术自由，像牛顿这样在人类历史上具有伟大影响的科学家，才能够思潮奔腾、才华迸发，敢于思考前人从未思考过的问题，敢于踏进前人从未涉足的领域。不久前，我同中国科学家交流时提出，要大力营造敢于创造、敢冒风险、敢于批判和宽容失败的环境，鼓励自由探索，提倡学术争鸣。

We should create a better political environment and a freer academic atmosphere in which people can pursue truth, exercise reasoning and respect science, in which the mysteries of nature, the laws governing society and the true meaning of life can be fully explored. The spirit of independence and freedom in thinking is particularly important in academic studies and research. It was in an environment of academic freedom that great scientists like Isaac Newton, who had a profound impact on human history, were able to bring out their best, probe issues not questioned by predecessors and blaze a new trail. In my recent conversation with some Chinese scientists, I called for creating an environment which encourages innovation, criticism and risk-taking and tolerates failure, an environment that encourages free exploration of new things and stimulates academic debate.

我们历来主张尊重世界文明的多样性，倡导不同文明之间的对话、交流与合作。我国已故著名社会学家费孝通先生，上世纪30年代曾就读于伦敦政治经济学院并获得博士学位，一生饱经沧桑。他在晚年提出：“各美其美，美人之美，美美与共，世界大同。”费老先生的这一人生感悟，生动反映了当代中国人开放包容的胸怀。

We have always called for respecting the diversity of civilizations and advocated dialogue, exchanges and cooperation among them. The late Mr. Fei Xiaotong, a well-known Chinese sociologist, received his PhD at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the 1930s. Having gone through many vicissitudes in life, he concluded in his late years that "The world will be a harmonious place if people appreciate their own beauty and that of others, and work together to create beauty in the world." These thoughts best illustrate the open and inclusive mindset of China today.

未来的中国，将是一个坚持和平发展、勇于担当的国家。走和平发展道路，是中国政府和人民根据时代潮流和自身利益作出的战略抉择，是中国积极参与经济全球化、最终实现现代化的必由之路。中国的和平发展，对世界不是威胁，而是机遇。中国已经成为世界经济增长的重要引擎，近五年对世界经济增长的贡献率在20%以上。自2001年中国加入世界贸易组织以来，年均进口近7500亿美元商品，为相关国家和地区创造了1400多万个就业岗位。未来5年，中国进口规模累计有望超过8万亿美元，将给世界各国带来更多商机。

Tomorrow's China will be a country committed to peaceful development and ready to shoulder its responsibilities. To pursue peaceful development is a strategic decision made by the Chinese government and people in keeping with the trend of the times and based on our own interests. Only such a pursuit will enable China to embrace economic globalization and achieve modernization. China's peaceful development is an opportunity rather than a threat to the rest of the world. China has become an engine driving global economic growth, having contributed to over 20 percent of world economic growth each year in the past five years. Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has imported close to 750 billion U.S. dollars of goods every year, creating over 14 million jobs for relevant countries and regions. China's import is expected to exceed 8 trillion U.S. dollars in the next five years, and this will provide more business opportunities for other countries.

21世纪应是合作的世纪，而不是冲突和争霸的世纪。中国是世界和平的坚定维护者。我们一贯主张和平解决国际争端，反对使用武力。中国将同国际社会一道，共担责任、共迎挑战，继续推动国际体系朝着更加公平、公正、包容的方向发展。

The 21st century should be a century of cooperation rather than conflict and rivalry. China is committed to upholding world peace. We have consistently called for settling international disputes by peaceful means and opposed the use of force. China will work with the rest of the international community to undertake responsibilities, meet challenges and make the international system more equitable, just and inclusive.