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英语动词语态是怎样的?什么是英语中的被动语态?

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2020年02月22日

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英语动词语态是怎样的?什么是英语中的被动语态?


  大家在学习英语动词的时候,是需要了解下英语动词语态方面的知识的,那么英语动词语态是怎样的?什么是英语中的被动语态呢?今天就给大家具体介绍下这些问题,以供参考。
英语动词语态
英语动词语态

  英语语法大全——英语动词语态
  动词的语态概述
  语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
  主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
  1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式,变为被动语态 时,该不定式前要加"to"。此类动词为感官动词。
  feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
  The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
  --> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
  We saw him play football on the playground.
  --> He was seen to play football on the playground.
  2)情态动词+ be +过去分词,构成被动语态。
  Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
  let 的用法
  1)当let后只有一个单音节动词,变被动语态时,可用不带to 的不定式。
  They let the strange go.
  ---> The strange was let go.
  2)若let 后宾补较长时,let 通常不用被动语态,而用allow或permit 代替。
  The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.
  ----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
  短语动词的被动语态
  短语动词是一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
  This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.
  My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
  Such a thing has never been heard of before..
  表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组
  believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, supp
  ose, think, understand
  It is said that…据说
  It is reported that…据报道
  It is believed that…大家相信
  It is hoped that…大家希望
  It is well known that…众所周知
  It is thought that…大家认为
  It is suggested that…据建议
  It is taken granted that…被视为当然
  It has been decided that…大家决定
  It must be remember that…务必记住的是
  It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
  不用被动语态的情况
  1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态
  appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
  After the fire, very little remained of my house.
  比较:rise, fall, happen是不及物动词;raise, seat是及物动词。
  (错) The price has been risen.
  (对) The price has risen.
  (错) The accident was happened last week.
  (对) The accident happened last week.
  (错) The price has raised.
  (对) The price has been raised.
  (错) Please seat.
  (对) Please be seated.
  要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
  2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语
  fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
  This key just fits the lock.
  Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
  3)系动词无被动语态
  appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
  It sounds good.
  4)带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态
  die, death, dream, live, life
  She dreamed a bad dream last night.
  5)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态
  (对) She likes to swim.
  (错) To swim is liked by her.
  主动形式表示被动意义
  1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
  The book sells well.  这本书销路好。
  This knife cuts easily.  这刀子很好用。
  2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
  I was to blame for the accident.
  Much work remains.
  3)在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
  The door needs repairing.
  = The door needs to be repaired.
  This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。
  This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
  4)特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己),
  have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
  被动形式表示主动意义
  be determined,
  be pleased,
  be graduated (from),
  be finished,
  be prepared (for),
  be occupied (in),
  get marries
  He is graduated from a famous university.
  他毕业于一所有名的大学。
  注意:表示同某人结婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
  He married a rich girl.
  He got married to a rich girl.
  need/want/require/worth
  注意:当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动
  初中英语动词语态讲解
  被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者,什么事情被主语做。被动语态的构成和形式被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成,一定要记住是及物动词。助动词必须与主语的人称和数一致,注意要与我们前一讲学过的八个时态配合使用。
  适合被动语态的情况:
  不知道动作由谁发出,或由于某种原因没有必要说明谁发出动作。如: This table is made of wood. 需要突出或强调动作的承受者时,如: This park was built for children.
  注意:主动句中的主语如果是people,they,somebody等含糊的表示"人或人们",没有确指执行者是谁,为被动句时,通常省略"by+执行者"。如:The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in.
  注意:在主动句里,不定式在make,see,hear等动词后面作宾语补足语时都不带to,但变成被动句时,后面的不定式都需带to。如:He was made to do that work.
  主动语态不能变被动语态的情况:学了被动语态,别以为主动句和被动句可以随意转换,千万要注意呀!有些主动语态不能转换成被动语态。当宾语是反身代词时, 如:You should take care of yourself.当谓语是表状态的而不是表具体动作的及物动词时,如:Does the skirt suit you?
英语动词语态
英语动词语态
 
  学好英语语法——英语动词语态
  动词的语态是用来表示动作的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者,被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态中,动作的执行者一般由介词by引出。
  考点:
  1、常用时态的被动语态的结构形式;
  2、短语动词变为被动语态;
  3、不能用于被动语态的动词;
  4、被动结构表示主动;
  5、主动形式表被动等。
  1 被动语态的构成
  英语中,一般只有及物动词或动词短语才有被动语态。被动语态的构成形式主要有:
  1)被动语态的基本构成形式
  被动语态的基本构成形式为“be+过去分词”。其中be无意义,但有时态、人称和数的变化。如下表。
  2)含有情态动词的被动语态形式
  当被动语态与情态动词结合使用时,结构形式为“情态动词+be+done”。有时情态动词后的be还可用完成形式。
  I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.
  家住机场边,飞机伴我眠。
  正规版:我住在机场边上,每天白天黑夜都能听到飞机(轰鸣)的声音。
  3)“get+过去分词”被动语态构成形式
  略!请自行造句学习。
  2 主动语态与被动语态的转换
  转换步骤(总共分三步):
  ①宾语(逆袭):现将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语;
  ②动词(变形):再将主动句中的谓语变为被动形式;
  ③主语(让位):最后将主动句中的主语变为由by引导的短语并后置。
  注意:
  将主动语态变为被动语态时,谓语动词的时态不变(别把人家整穿越了);
  主动句中做宾语的人称代词需要变为主格,作主语的人称代词放在介词后变为宾格。
  主动语态转换成被动语态的几种情况
  1)“主语+谓语动词+宾语”结构变被动句
  动词变换。主语宾语换位置,变格。
  重点:
  *主句如果是带no的否定句,被动句常用no,neither或never等。
  No onehas ever beaten her at tennis competition.
  无人能在乒乓球比赛中击败她!世界の最强!
  She hasneverbeen beaten at tennis competition.
  她在乒乓球比赛中从未被击败过!
  *否定的主动句中带有any-构成的不定代词作宾语时,变成被动句时,主语常由no-构成的否定代词。
  We didn’t noticeanythingspecial in his work.
  Nothingspecial was noticed in his work.
  2)“主语——谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构变成被动句
  变成被动句时,有两种情况。
  ①将间接宾语变成被动句的主语,直接宾语位置不变;
  ②把直接宾语变为被动句的主语,间接宾语前面加上介词to或for。
  My uncle boughtmea newcomputer.
  间接宾语 直接宾语
  请记住:动作的直接承受者是直接宾语,中间者为间接宾语。
  ①I was bought a new computer by my uncle.
  ②A new computer was bought for me by my uncle.
  注意:
  并非所有双宾语结构都可变成两种形式的被动句,当直接宾语是从句时就不能变成被动句的主语。
  She told me when the project would start.
  I was told when the project would start. (√)
  When the project would start was told to me. (×这样说实在是太难受了,但并不影响理解)
  3)“主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补”结构变被动句
  变成被动句,将宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语位置不变,也自然成为主语补足语。
  People call this team acheerleading squad.
  人们管这种队伍叫啦啦队(啦啦队是宾补)。
  This team is called a cheerleading squad.
  重点:
  在主动句中,使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面接不定式作宾语补足语时,不带to,但变成被动句时,需加上to。
  Sir! I notice a stranger to enter the hall. Should I shoot or solute?
  长官!我发现大厅来了一位陌生人。我是该射击还是敬礼?
  A stranger is noticed to enter the hall.
  4)含有be going to do 和be to do等结构的主动句变被动句
  含有be going to do 和be to do等结构的主动句变成被动句时,谓语动词分别用be going to be done和be to be done结构,其中第一个be只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。
  We are going to discuss the problem at the meeting.
  The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting.
  They are to show this new film on TV next week.
  This new film is to be shown on TV next week.
  5)含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句
  带有宾语从句的主动句变成被动句时,通常用it做被动句的形式主语,谓语动词改为be done结构,宾语从句保留不变,也就自然成了主语从句;
  或将主动句中从句的主语变成被动句的主语,从句的谓语变成不定式短语。
  We know that he is the best dentist in the town.
  It is known to us that he is the best dentist in the town. (宾语保留不变,采用形式宾语it)
  He is known to be the best dentist in the town. (从句主语变成被动句主语)
  重点:
  用it作形式主语的被动语态句型还有:it is said that据说…; it is reported that据报道…;it is thought that人们认为…;it is well known that众所周知…;
  6)谓语为动词短语的主动句变被动句
  有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后,变成一个动词短语,相当于一个及物动词,这种结构也可以有被动语态,但不能把动词与其后的介词或副词拆开。
  They have put off the meeting permanently till the country is stable again.
  他们把这次会议无限期推迟了,直到国家再次稳定。(智利的APEC峰会了解一下)
  The meeting has been put off permanently till the country is stable again.
  7)双重被动结构
  双重被动结构指的是句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构,句子的主语既是谓语动词动作的承受者,同时又是不定时动作的承受者。(这部分比较绕,请好好看例句,另外英国人超喜欢被动语句,但实际上西方人做啥事情又超主动。。。)
  They asked us to discuss the problem at once. (主动句)
  We were asked to discuss the problem at once. (被动句)
  The problem was asked to be discussed at once. (双重被动:problem被要求被讨论)
  The children are often asked to do too much homework.
  Too much homework is asked to be done by children.
  什么是英语中的被动语态
  那么什么叫做语态?语态是用来表示主语和位于动词之间的关系,有主动和被动两种。主动主语就是动作的执行者,被动语态就是主语是谓语动词承受者。
  被动语态的构成。
  被动语态结构很简单,就是be+done(动词的过去分词)
  我们需要明确几个注意事项:
  第一,只有及物动词才有被动语态。
  第二,被动语态的否定式,not放在助动词之后,疑问式中,助动词需要提到主语前。
  被动语态可以放在各种时态之中,例句如下:
  一般现在时:These chairs are designed for children.
  一般过去时: We were moved by the story.
  我们以一个试题来检测大家对被动语态的掌握。
  At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement____(reach),请大家尝试填入正确的形式。
  通过以上的内容,我们已经了解了英语动词语态方面的知识了,可见,英语动词语态方面的知识点还是比较多的,大家一定要认真学习,如果有不明白的地方,可以咨询听力课堂。

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