超级土坯土包圆顶社区赋予了居民力量

超级土坯土包圆顶社区赋予了居民力量

In reducing the carbon footprint of both existing and new buildings, there are a number of possible strategies. One approach is to reduce the size of homes, thus reducing the energy needed to heat and maintain them (which is one reason why smaller homes are gaining popularity). Another is to increase their energy efficiency, as we see being done with Passive House homes. Yet another tack is to change the kinds of materials we use in constructing more eco-friendly homes, swapping out materials with high embodied carbon (a.k.a. upfront carbon emissions) like concrete and steel for more sustainable materials like wood, cork and bamboo.

在减少现有建筑和新建筑的碳足迹方面，有许多可行的策略。一种方法是缩小房屋的面积，从而减少取暖和维护房屋所需的能源(这是小型房屋越来越受欢迎的原因之一)。另一个是提高能源效率，就像我们在被动式房屋中看到的那样。还有一种方法是改变我们在建造更环保的住宅时使用的材料种类，用更可持续的材料，如木材、软木和竹子，来取代含有高含碳量(也就是预先排放的碳)的材料，如混凝土和钢材。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

There's yet another weapon to add to the growing arsenal of sustainable materials – but it's not a new one, rather, it's something that humans have used for millennia – earth. The soil beneath our feet is actually a great building material, whether it's rammed, or compressed into modular earth blocks. We've seen a number of interesting architectural projects using earth-based materials, be they large or small.

还有另一种武器加入到不断增长的可持续材料的武器库中——但它不是一个新武器，而是人类已经使用了几千年的东西——地球。我们脚下的土壤实际上是一种很好的建筑材料，无论是夯实的，还是压缩成模块化的土块。我们已经见过许多使用地球材料的有趣的建筑项目，无论它们是大是小。

Superadobe to the Rescue

超级adobe来拯救你

On Iran's Hormuz Island, these distinctive domes were constructed by Tehran-based firm ZAV Architects, using an innovative method called superadobe. Initially developed as a form of earthbag construction by Iranian-born architect Nader Khalili, the technique involves layering long fabric tubes or bags filled with earth and other organic materials like straw to form a compression structure.

在伊朗的霍尔木兹岛，这些独特的圆顶是由德黑兰的ZAV建筑事务所使用一种叫做超级土坯的创新方法建造的。这项技术最初是由伊朗出生的建筑师纳德·哈利利开发的一种土包结构形式，它包括用泥土和其他有机材料(如稻草)填充的长织物管或袋进行分层，从而形成一个压缩结构。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

Intended as a project that encourages "community empowerment via urban development," the domes have been built with the help of local residents, who were trained with the necessary construction skills.

作为一个鼓励“通过城市发展赋予社区权力”的项目，圆顶建筑是在当地居民的帮助下建造的，他们接受了必要的建造技能培训。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

Seen from above, the small-scale domes take on organic shapes and connect in a variety of ways to form clustered structures.

从上面看，小型圆顶呈现有机形状，并以各种方式连接形成集群结构。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

In between these clusters, walkways and other connective spaces for gathering, playing and resting are formed.

在这些集群之间，形成了走道和其他连接空间，用于聚会、玩耍和休息。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

Seen from far away, the domes seem to echo the landscape, while offering a brightly colored contrast to the earth from which they are made.

从远处看，圆顶似乎与风景相呼应，同时与地面形成鲜明的色彩对比。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

Inside the domes' interior, one can see that this type of construction is well-suited to the arid climate, as earth-based materials provide wonderful thermal mass. That means that the domed interiors stay cool during the day as the thick earthen walls absorb the sun's heat, and at night, when temperatures drop, the walls can radiate that stored heat, helping to regulate temperature fluctuations.

在穹顶的内部，人们可以看到这种类型的建筑非常适合干旱的气候，因为地基材料提供了奇妙的热质量。这意味着圆顶的内部在白天保持凉爽，因为厚厚的土墙吸收太阳的热量，而在晚上，当温度下降时，墙可以辐射存储的热量，帮助调节温度波动。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

The way in which the interiors are painted also offer clues into how to use the space. The inherent roundness of the spaces are a refreshing alternative to the angularity of orthogonal buildings.

内部的绘画方式也提供了如何使用空间的线索。空间固有的圆形是正交建筑棱角分明的一种清新的选择。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari