压力对身体有什么影响?

压力对身体有什么影响?

Though not all stress is bad, we need a break from bad stressors, otherwise our health may begin to deteriorate.

虽然不是所有的压力都是有害的，但我们需要从有害的压力源中休息一下，否则我们的健康可能会开始恶化。

Not all stress is bad, but that doesn't mean stress should be constant. (Photo: KieferPix/Shutterstock)

Though you might not have to flee a predator, the same chemical cocktails are coursing through your body as the caveman's.

虽然你可能不必逃离捕食者，但同样的化学混合物正在你的身体里奔流，就像穴居人的一样。

Stress and cardiac issues

压力和心脏问题

Several studies have found links between elevated stress and cardiovascular disease. Thitiporn taingpan/Shutterstock

The link between stress and heart disease isn't totally clear, says the American Heart Association, but being under chronic stress can affect blood pressure and heart rate, which can lead to heart issues. It can also cause many people to "manage" their stress with unhealthy behaviors like drinking and smoking, which can affect heart health.

美国心脏协会表示，压力和心脏病之间的联系还不是完全清楚，但长期处于压力之下会影响血压和心率，从而导致心脏问题。它还会导致许多人通过喝酒、抽烟等不健康的行为来“管理”自己的压力，这可能会影响心脏健康。

Earlier research has shown that people who report high levels of stress — whether due to work or personal reasons — are at higher risk of heart attacks over the course of their lives.

早前的研究表明，那些自述压力大的人——无论是由于工作还是个人原因——在他们的一生中心脏病发作的风险更高。

Stress and memory loss

压力与记忆丧失

If you're constantly living a stressful life, you may be causing permanent damage to your memory and brain size. Ollyy/Shutterstock

Young adults and middle-aged people who experience stress on a regular basis may experience memory loss before they turn 50. An study published in the journal Neurology shows people with high levels of cortisol have impaired memory compared to people with average cortisol levels. These people experience impaired memory years before they show symptoms of long-term memory loss.

经常承受压力的年轻人和中年人在50岁之前可能会经历记忆力衰退。一项发表在《神经学》杂志上的研究表明，与皮质醇水平一般的人相比，皮质醇水平高的人记忆力容易受损。这些人在表现出长期记忆丧失症状前几年就经历了记忆受损。

Researchers studied 2,231 people with an average age of 49 who didn't suffer from dementia. Their memory and thinking skills and blood samples were tested eight years apart, and those with higher levels of cortisol scored lower on the test. MRI scans showed they even had smaller brain volume.

研究人员对平均年龄为49岁的2231名没有患痴呆症的人进行了研究。他们的记忆力、思维能力以及血液样本的测试时间间隔为8年，皮质醇水平较高的人在测试中的得分较低。核磁共振扫描显示，他们的大脑体积甚至更小。

Stress and adrenal exhaustion

压力和肾上腺衰竭

Cortisol helps us deal with stress, but too much of it can lead to adrenal exhaustion, which has a domino effect on the body’s symptoms. JUTARAT BUADOK/Shutterstock

Research has linked cortisol to body fat storage around the abdomen. In turn, piling on the pounds around the belly can lead to heart disease.

研究发现皮质醇与腹部脂肪储存有关。反过来，腹部脂肪增加会导致心脏病。

Excessive cortisol flooding the bloodstream can lead to adrenal exhaustion. Some doctors believe adrenal exhaustion, when someone is constantly tired, is the main culprit behind every chronic disease. Dr. Lawrence Wilson isn't alone in thinking that the mainstream medical profession often fails to recognize adrenal burnout as a real health concern.

血液中过多的皮质醇会导致肾上腺衰竭。一些医生认为，经常性的肾上腺疲劳是每一种慢性疾病的罪魁祸首。劳伦斯·威尔逊医生并不是唯一一个认为主流医学界常常没有认识到肾上腺疲劳是一个真正的健康问题的人。

Stress and obesity

压力和肥胖

The more cortisol in your body over time, the more likely you are to be overweight and have a thicker waist. Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock

People who suffer long-term stress may also be more prone to obesity, according to a study conducted by University College London researchers and published in the journal Obesity. The research, which involved examining hair samples for levels of cortisol, showed that exposure to higher levels of cortisol over several months is associated with being more heavily overweight and more persistently overweight.

根据伦敦大学学院的研究人员在《肥胖》杂志上发表的一项研究，长期承受压力的人可能更容易肥胖。这项研究包括检查头发样本中的皮质醇水平，结果显示，几个月暴露在较高水平的皮质醇之下，会导致更严重、更持久的超重。

While stress and weight long have been thought to go hand-in-hand (think stress eating and comfort foods), this study confirms the link by examining long-term cortisol levels in more than 2,500 men and women over a four-year period.

长期以来，压力和体重一直被认为是密切相关的(想想压力饮食和安慰食物)，这项研究通过对2500多名男性和女性在四年的时间里长期的皮质醇水平进行检测，证实了两者之间的联系。

Stress and weakened immune system

压力会削弱免疫系统

An unhealthy diet consumed under prolonged stress can weaken your immune system. Tigger11th/Shutterstock

Stress makes your blood vessels dilate, your pupils enlarge, your breathing rapidly increase and your sweat glands kick into overdrive, contributing to adrenal fatigue. Eating an unhealthy diet can also play a role.

压力会使你的血管扩张，瞳孔扩大，呼吸急促，汗腺超负荷运转，导致肾上腺疲劳。不健康的饮食习惯也会起到一定的作用。

Eating the wrong foods over many years can break down the mucosal barrier in your gut. Think of the mucosal barrier as the body’s second skin as well as the body’s first line of defense against pathogens, or unwanted nasty critters invading your gut.

长期食用错误的食物会破坏肠道粘膜屏障。把粘膜屏障看作是身体的第二层皮肤，也是身体抵御病原体或有害生物入侵肠道的第一道防线。

Your immune system lies mostly in your gut, so if you have eaten poorly over the years, the integrity of the mucosal barrier system can become severely compromised. In the long run, digestion is compromised. With most of your immune system residing in your gut, your immune system will weaken.

你的免疫系统主要存在于你的肠道，所以如果你多年来吃得不好，粘膜屏障系统的完整性会严重受损。从长远来看，消化系统会受到损害。由于你的大部分免疫系统都驻留在你的肠道里，你的免疫系统将会减弱。

Concerned about what stress has done to your body? Seek a medical professional or alternative health practitioner who understands adrenal fatigue and knows how to restore hormonal pathways. A nutritional approach to battling stress should also be applied.

担心压力对身体的影响?寻求了解肾上腺疲劳并知道如何恢复激素通路的专业医师或替代健康医生。还应该采用营养方法来对抗压力。