研究表明，女性在戴口罩和其他阻止Covid-19传播的措施上做得更好

研究表明，女性在戴口罩和其他阻止Covid-19传播的措施上做得更好

Wearing a mask, social distancing and washing hands regularly are the best ways we have to stop the spread of Covid-19.

戴口罩、保持社交距离和经常洗手是我们阻止Covid-19传播的最佳方式。

But when it comes to these crucial habits, it appears that women are more likely to be following these steps to a greater degree than men, according to a new study.

但一项新的研究表明，在这些关键习惯方面，女性似乎比男性更有可能遵循这些步骤。

To reach their conclusions, the researchers at New York University and Yale University examined survey data, street observations and analysis of smartphone movements.

为了得出结论，纽约大学和耶鲁大学的研究人员对调查数据、街道观察和对智能手机移动的分析进行了研究。

Women aren't just better at taking preventative measures, researchers said. They also found that women were also more likely to listen to experts and express alarm and anxiety in response to Covid-19, the study, which was published this week in the journal Behavioral Science & Policy, said.

研究人员称，女性不仅更善于采取预防措施。本周发表在《行为科学与政策》杂志上的这项研究称，研究人员还发现，女性在应对Covid-19时更有可能听取专家的意见，并表达担忧和焦虑。

Their survey of 800 people found that women were more likely than men to say they maintained social distance, stayed at home, washed hands frequently and mixed less with family and friends. The only measure that didn't have a gender difference was the frequency of contact with people other than friends or family.

他们对800人进行的调查发现，女性比男性更有可能表示自己保持社交距离、待在家里、经常洗手、较少与家人和朋友交往。唯一没有性别差异的是与朋友或家人以外的人联系的频率。

However, self-reported behavior doesn't always accurately represent actual behavior, so the researchers also looked at pedestrians and mask wearing in three different US locations to see how many people wore masks.

然而，自我报告的行为并不总是能准确地反映真实的行为，因此研究人员也在美国三个不同的城市观察了行人和戴着口罩的人，看看有多少人带着口罩。

They found that 55% of women wore masks properly compared with 38% of men -- even though gender distribution in these zip codes was roughly equal. They observed 127 women and 173 men on May 4-5 this year.

他们发现，55%的女性正确地佩戴口罩，而男性只有38%——尽管这些地区的性别分布大致相同。他们于今年5月4日至5日对127名女性和173名男性进行了观察。

In the third part of their study, to measure social distancing among the wider US population, the researchers used GPS data from 15 million smart phones to track overall movement and visits to non-essential stores like spas, florists and fitness facilities between March 9 and May 29.

在研究的第三部分，为了测量更广泛的美国人之间的社交距离，研究人员使用了1500万台智能手机的GPS数据，来跟踪3月9日至5月29日期间的整体活动以及去水疗、花店和健身设施等非必需品商店的访问情况。

In many senses, the researchers said the findings weren't surprising -- it's long been known that women are better hand washers than men. And a 2016 review that looked at research from dozens of different countries found that women were 50% more likely than men to practice, or increase, protective behavior like proper hand-washing, mask-wearing and surface cleaning in the context of an epidemic, like flu.

研究人员说，从很多方面来说，这一发现并不令人惊讶——长久以来，人们都知道女性比男性更擅长洗手。2016年的一项研究发现，在流感等流行病的背景下，女性进行或加强诸如正确洗手、戴口罩和表面清洁等保护行为的可能性比男性高50%。该研究考察了数十个国家的研究。

"Previous research before the pandemic shows that women had been visiting doctors more frequently in their daily lives and following their recommendations more so than men," said Irmak Olcaysoy Okten, a postdoctoral researcher in New York University's Department of Psychology and the paper's lead author, in a press statement.

纽约大学心理学系博士后研究员、该论文的主要作者厄尔马克·奥卡索伊·奥克敦在一份新闻声明中说：“在流行病之前的研究表明，女性在日常生活中比男性更频繁地去看医生，并且更多地遵循医生的建议。”

"So it's not surprising that these tendencies would translate into greater efforts on behalf of women to prevent the spread of the pandemic." Okten said.

“因此，这些趋势会促使女性做出更大努力，以防止流行病的蔓延，这并不奇怪。”奥克敦说。

"Policymakers might target men's illusions of invulnerability ... and remind them of their responsibilities to others and themselves during this critical period. Disseminating prevention messages particularly in places where men frequently get together can be an effective strategy," the study suggested.

该研究建议，“政策制定者可能会把目标对准男性认为刀枪不入的幻想……并提醒他们在这个关键时期对他人和自己的责任。在男性经常聚会的地方传播预防信息是一种有效的策略。”