你该为你的退休制定一个储蓄计划了

你该为你的退休制定一个储蓄计划了

"You have to actively do things to build your wealth," says The Washington Post'spersonal finance columnist, Michelle Singletary.

《华盛顿邮报》的个人理财专栏作家米歇尔·辛格塔里说:“你必须积极做事来积累财富。”

"It's not like you go get a lotto ticket and you become rich instantly. Wealth doesn't happen that way," she says.

“这并不是说你得到了一张乐透彩票，就能立刻变得富有。财富不是这样产生的，”她说。

Luckily, learning a few key basics can put you on a path to a nice retirement fund. If you're lucky enough to be working and saving extra cash during COVID-19, right now could be a really good time to get started. But no matter how COVID-19 has affected your job or finances, these are good tips to remember.

幸运的是，学习一些关键的基础知识可以让你获得一笔不错的退休基金。如果你足够幸运，能在COVID-19期间工作并攒下额外的钱，那么现在就是开始行动的好时机。但无论COVID-19如何影响你的工作或财务状况，这些都是要记住的好建议。

Start saving as early as you can

尽早开始存钱

If you're young, here's the secret to building a good retirement fund:

如果你还年轻，这里有一个建立良好退休基金的秘诀:

"You're young. That is your advantage. That is your secret stock," she says. The longer you have to save and invest, the more likely you are to reach your goal.

“你还年轻。这就是你的优势。这就是你的储蓄秘诀，”她说。你储蓄和投资的时间越长，你就越有可能达到你的目标。

When you start investing your retirement savings early, you can take special advantage of compound interest — you're reinvesting all the interest you earn, to get interest on interest.

当你早早开始投资你的退休储蓄时，你可以利用复利的特殊优势——你把赚到的所有利息再投资，得到利息上的利息。

The stock market goes up and down, but over long periods of time, it tends to give you about a 7% return on your investment each year. That means your contribution to your retirement fund grows without you doing any extra work.

股市有涨有跌，但长期来看，你的投资每年会有7%的回报率。这意味着你在不做任何额外工作的情况下，你对退休基金的贡献就会增加。

Here's the real magic of compound interest: let's say in your early 20s, you scrape together a couple hundred dollars to save for your retirement out of each paycheck. By the time you turned 30, you'll have saved around $50,000.

复利的真正神奇之处在于:假设在你20岁出头的时候，你从每次薪水中积攒了几百美元以备退休之用。到你30岁的时候，你已经存了大约5万美元。

Thanks to compound interest, if it's growing at 7% a year, that money doubles by the time you're 40 years old. It doubles again and again with each decade, so by the time you're 70 and ready to retire — there's $800,000 waiting for you. You'd probably be saving a lot along the way, too — but it's the money you start investing when you're young that has the time to really grow.

多亏了复利，如果它以每年7%的速度增长，那么到你40岁的时候，这笔钱就会翻倍。每十年就会翻一番，所以当你70岁准备退休时，有80万美元在等着你。在这个过程中，你可能也会省下很多钱——但只有你在年轻时开始投资的钱才有时间真正地增长。

Set a goal

设定一个目标

Aim to save 15% of your gross income each year for retirement, Singletary says. She knows that can be a lofty goal, though, depending on how much you make and whether, say, you're single and living with your parents, or just becoming a young parent yourself and buying your first house. Either way, start saving something.

辛格塔里说，目标是每年将总收入的15%存起来，以备退休之用。她知道这可能是一个崇高的目标，不过，这取决于你挣多少钱，以及你是否单身并和父母住在一起，或者你自己刚刚成为年轻的父母并买了自己的第一套房子。不管怎样，开始存钱吧。

"Maybe starting out, you can only do five percent — then the next year, see if you can push it to six....But try to reach that 15% goal as soon as you possibly can," she recommends.

“也许一开始，你只能存5%，然后明年，看看能不能把它提高到6%……但要尽快达到存15%的目标，”她建议。