研究表明，不受欢迎的青少年在以后的生活中患心脏病的风险更高

研究表明，不受欢迎的青少年在以后的生活中患心脏病的风险更高

Thirteen-year-olds who weren't very popular with their peers growing up seem to have a higher risk of developing circulatory system disease in later life, a study released Tuesday has found.

周二发布的一项研究发现，在成长过程中不受同龄人欢迎的13岁青少年在晚年患循环系统疾病的风险似乎更高。

Many of us hope to escape who we were in high school -- particularly if you were last in line to be picked in gym class -- but a growing body of research suggests that how popular you are in adolescence has a link with psychological and physical health decades later.

我们中的许多人都希望摆脱高中时的自己——特别是如果你是体育课上最后一个被选中的人——但越来越多的研究表明，你在青春期的受欢迎程度与几十年后的心理和身体健康有着联系。

Thirteen-year-olds who weren't very popular with their peers growing up, a new study released Tuesday has found, seem to have a heightened risk of developing circulatory system disease in later life. This includes higher risk for conditions such as narrowed and hardened arteries and abnormal heartbeat that affect the normal functioning of the heart and blood vessels.

周二发布的一项新研究发现，在成长过程中不受同龄人欢迎的13岁青少年，日后患循环系统疾病的风险似乎更高。这包括出现动脉变窄、硬化、心跳异常等影响心脏和血管正常功能的高风险。

"Although not many realize it, peer status is one of the strongest predictors of later psychological and health outcomes, even decades later, said Mitch Prinstein, the John Van Seters distinguished professor of psychology and neuroscience at the University of North Carolina.

北卡罗莱纳大学约翰·范·赛特斯杰出心理学和神经科学教授米奇·普林斯坦说，尽管意识到这一点的人不多，但同龄人的地位是日后心理和健康状况的最有力预测因素之一，即便是几十年后也是如此。

"Several early studies revealed that our likeability among peers in grade school predicts life outcomes more strongly than does IQ, parental income, school grades, and pre-existing physical illness," Prinstein, who wasn't involved with the research, said.

“一些早期的研究表明，我们在小学同龄人中的受欢迎程度比智商、父母的收入、学校成绩和已经存在的身体疾病更能预示人生的结果，”普林斯坦说，他没有参与这项研究。

Prinstein, and the authors of the study, said that it's important to note that peer status is a specific form of popularity -- likeability rather than being the cool kid.

普林斯坦和这项研究的作者们说，值得注意的是，同伴地位是受欢迎程度的一种特殊形式——喜欢程度，而不是做一个酷孩子。

"Many would perhaps think of high-status kids as those who were highly visible and influential -- hanging out in the smoking area during breaks and partying during the weekends. That is another type of popularity," said Ylva Almquist, an associate professor and senior lecturer at the department of public health sciences at Stockholm University and an author of the study, which published in the journal BMJ Open.

“很多人可能会认为，‘高地位’孩子是指那些很显眼、很有影响力的人——他们会在休息时间在吸烟区闲逛，或者在周末开派对。这是另一种受欢迎程度，”斯德哥尔摩大学公共卫生科学系副教授、高级讲师伊尔瓦·阿尔姆奎斯特说。他是发表在《英国医学期刊开放》上的研究论文的作者之一。

"Peer status is rather an indicator of likability, and the degree to which a child is accepted and respected by their peers."

“同龄人的地位是受喜欢程度的标志，是一个孩子被同龄人接受和尊重的程度。”

Chronic health problems are usually explained by genetic factors or actions like smoking, drinking or an unhealthy diet, but research has suggested that high-quality relationships are a key indicator of mortality.

慢性健康问题通常是由遗传因素或吸烟、饮酒或不健康饮食等行为引起的，但研究表明，高质量的人际关系是死亡率的一个关键指标。

Observational study
观察性研究

In this study from Sweden, the researchers used data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study, which includes everyone born in 1953 and residing in Stockholm, the Swedish capital, in 1963.

在瑞典的这项研究中，研究人员使用了斯德哥尔摩出生队列多代研究的数据，包括1953年出生并于1963年居住在瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩的所有人。

The health of 5,410 men and 5,990 women was tracked into their 60s. At age 13, they had been asked who among their classmates they preferred to work with. They used the results to determine "peer group status," which they divided into four categories: zero nominations, which they termed "marginalized"; one ("low status"); two or three ("medium status"); and four or more ("high status").

研究人员对5,410名男性和5,990名女性的健康状况进行了跟踪调查，调查一直持续到60多岁。在13岁时，他们被问及在同学中他们更愿意和谁一起工作。他们用这些结果来确定“同龄人地位”，并将其分为四类:零提名，他们称之为“边缘人群”;一个(“低地位”);两个或三个(“中等地位”);四个或更多(“高地位”)。

Thirty-three percent of the boys enjoyed high peer group status at the age of 13, slightly more than girls (28.5%), the researchers found. Some 16% of the girls were classed as "marginalized," compared to 12% of boys.

研究人员发现，33%的男孩在13岁时享有很高的同龄人地位，略高于女孩(28.5%)。大约16%的女孩被划分为“边缘人群”，而男孩只有12%。

Circulatory disease was more common among the men than it was among the women, but the children classed as "marginalized" at age 13 had a 33% to 34% higher risk of circulatory disease in adulthood in both sexes, the study found.

循环系统疾病在男性中比在女性中更常见，但研究发现，在13岁时被列为“边缘人群”的儿童，成年后患循环系统疾病的风险在两性中都高出33%至34%。

In their analysis, the researchers said they accounted for factors such as number and position of siblings, parental education and mental health, socioeconomic conditions, and school factors, such as intellect, academic performance and any criminal behavior.

在分析中，研究人员表示，这些因素包括兄弟姐妹的数量和地位、父母教育和心理健康、社会经济状况以及学校因素，如智力、学习成绩和任何犯罪行为。

But as an observational study, it can only show a link, and Almquist said there could be many explanations for the association.

但作为一项观察性研究，它只能显示出两者之间的联系。阿尔姆奎斯特说，这种联系可能有很多解释。

"A common dilemma in this kind of research is that we have the information we need to establish associations between conditions in childhood and health outcomes in adulthood, but we know quite little about whatever is happening in between," Almquist said.

阿尔姆奎斯特说:“在这类研究中，一个常见的困境是，我们已经掌握了建立儿童期状况和成年期健康状况之间联系所需的信息，但我们对这两者之间发生的事情知之甚少。”