野火烟雾与你的健康:你需要担心吗?

野火烟雾与你的健康:你需要担心吗?

Wildfires have broken out across the United States on an unprecedented scale, with 77 large fires engulfing 3 million acres in a matter of weeks.

美国各地爆发了规模空前的野火，几周内就有77场大火吞噬了300万英亩的土地。

While the fires themselves only cover a small portion of California, Oregon and Washington, at least 24 people have died as of September 11. And the smoke they are producing is creating a widespread health problem.

虽然火灾本身只覆盖了加利福尼亚州、俄勒冈州和华盛顿州的一小部分地区，但截至9月11日，至少有24人死亡。它们产生的烟雾造成了广泛的健康问题。

Satellite images show smoke covering much of the Pacific coastline, with major cities there seeing very high Air Quality Index numbers, indicating unhealthy air. That's a problem for the elderly and young children, as well as those with asthma and Covid-19 or other breathing conditions.

卫星图像显示，太平洋沿岸大部分地区被烟雾笼罩，主要城市的空气质量指数非常高，表明空气质量不健康。这对老年人和幼儿，以及患有哮喘和Covid-19或其他呼吸疾病的人来说都是一个问题。

"The weather and geography in the Bay Area and valleys of California can also trap the smoke close to the surface, which can keep the smoke trapped near the ground at certain times of the day in certain locations where people live and breathe," said CNN senior meteorologist Brandon Miller.

美国有线电视新闻网资深气象学家布兰登·米勒说：“加州湾区和山谷的天气和地理条件也能将烟雾困在接近地表的地方，这可以使烟雾在一天中的某些时间被困在人们生活和呼吸的某些地点的地面附近。”

Here's some advice for reducing your exposure risk and keeping yourself and your family safe.

这里有一些建议，可以帮助你降低暴露风险，保护你自己和家人的安全。

Wildfire smoke includes particles from burning vegetation and building materials. If your eyes feel like they're stinging, smoke exposure could also be inflicting other damage. Particles could be getting into your respiratory system.

野火的烟雾包括来自燃烧的植被和建筑材料的颗粒。如果你的眼睛感到刺痛，烟雾暴露还可能造成其他伤害。颗粒可能会进入你的呼吸系统。

Exposure can cause chest pain, a fast heartbeat or wheezing or bring on an asthma attack. Besides coughing and trouble breathing, many people experience symptoms similar to a sinus infection, such as headaches, sore throat, a runny nose and even tiredness, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

接触(这些颗粒)会引起胸痛、心跳加快、喘息或哮喘发作。据美国疾病控制和预防中心介绍，除了咳嗽和呼吸困难，很多人会有类似鼻窦感染的症状，比如头痛、喉咙痛、流鼻涕，甚至疲倦。

Wildfire smoke can be especially harmful to the elderly, pregnant women, children and those with chronic heart and lung diseases. Because children breathe more air per pound of body weight than adults and their airways are still developing, they may experience more severe symptoms.

野火的烟雾对老年人、孕妇、儿童和患有慢性心肺疾病的人尤其有害。由于儿童每磅体重呼吸的空气比成年人多，而且他们的呼吸道仍在发育，他们可能会出现更严重的症状。

Some people may even experience illnesses like bronchitis due to the fine particles, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

据美国环境保护署称，有些人甚至会因为这些细颗粒物患上支气管炎等疾病。

Those with asthma or lung disease living in wildfire country should consult their doctors.

生活在野火(频发)地区的哮喘或肺病患者应咨询医生。

If you see a haze, smell smoke or know of a wildfire in your area or a place you plan to visit, check the Air Quality Index to see whether you need to limit your time outdoors.

如果你看到雾霾，闻到烟味，或者知道你所在的地区或你计划去的地方发生了火灾，检查一下空气质量指数，看看你是否需要限制你的户外时间。

When advised to stay inside, keep your windows and doors closed. It's OK to keep the air conditioner running, but the CDC recommends making sure the filter is clean, and close the fresh-air intake to prevent smoke from entering.

建议待在室内时，请关好门窗。保持空调运行没问题，但CDC建议确保过滤器是干净的，并关闭新鲜空气入口，以防止烟雾进入。

It's also important to keep indoor air clean by not burning candles, using gas stoves or fireplaces, or smoking.

保持室内空气清洁也很重要，不要燃烧蜡烛，不要使用煤气炉或壁炉，也不要吸烟。

Dust masks actually trap large particles and don't protect your lungs from smoke inhalation, but a mask that uses a filtering respirator can offer some protection. The CDC also has tips for how effective different types of masks can be, depending on your exposure.

防尘口罩实际上能捕捉大颗粒，不能保护你的肺不吸入烟雾，但使用过滤式呼吸器的口罩可以提供一些保护。疾病控制和预防中心还根据你的暴露程度，提供了不同口罩的有效程度的建议。

Pediatric pulmonologists at the Breathing Institute at Children's Hospital Colorado also recommended changing your clothes if you've been outside, rinsing out red, irritated eyes and drinking fluids to keep from being dehydrated. Parents should seek emergency care for their children if they experience real difficulty breathing or a change in their level of consciousness.

科罗拉多州儿童医院呼吸研究所的儿科肺科医生也建议，如果你外出过，换衣服，冲洗红肿、过敏的眼睛，多喝水防止脱水。如果他们的孩子确实呼吸困难或意识水平发生变化，父母应该寻求紧急护理。