在50岁以下的人群中，结肠癌和直肠癌的发病率正在上升

在50岁以下的人群中，结肠癌和直肠癌的发病率正在上升

Cases of colon and rectal cancer are on the rise in young adults -- and the median age of patients diagnosed is getting lower.

在年轻人中，结肠和直肠癌的病例呈上升趋势，而被诊断的患者的中位年龄正在下降。

Colorectal cancer is the third deadliest cancer among men and women in the United States --after lung and prostate in men and lung and breast in women.

结肠直肠癌是美国男性和女性中第三大致命癌症，仅次于男性的肺癌和前列腺癌，女性的肺癌和乳腺癌。

Actor Chadwick Boseman died of colon cancer Friday at age 43 after battling the disease for years. Medical experts have said colorectal cancer cases among younger people are going up -- with cases among those under 50 increasing since the 1990s, according to a March report by the American Cancer Society.

演员查德威克·博斯曼在与结肠癌抗争多年后，于周五因结肠癌去世，享年43岁。美国癌症协会3月份发布的一份报告显示，医学专家表示，年轻人患结肠直肠癌的人数正在上升，50岁以下人群患结肠直肠癌的人数自上世纪90年代以来不断增加。

Half of all new diagnoses are in people age 66 and younger, the report said.

报告称，在所有新诊断的患者中，有一半年龄在66岁及66岁以下。

The American Cancer Society recommends regular screening for colon and rectal cancer starts at age 45. Other health organizations in the United States still recommend routine screening starting at age 50.

美国癌症协会建议从45岁开始定期检查结肠癌和直肠癌。美国的其他卫生组织仍然建议从50岁开始进行常规筛查。

The median age is going down

中位年龄在下降

In 2017 -- the most recent data available -- 52,547 people died of colorectal cancer nationwide,according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

根据美国疾病控制和预防中心的数据，2017年——可获得的最新数据——全国有52547人死于结肠直肠癌。

In the report, the American Cancer Society found that the median age for people diagnosed with colorectal cancer was 72 in 1989. It stayed that way until the early 2000s and then fell to 66 by 2016.

在这份报告中，美国癌症协会发现，1989年被诊断为结肠直肠癌的人的年龄中位数是72岁。这种情况一直持续到21世纪初，然后到2016年降至66岁。

ACS researchers found that the rate at which people are diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the United States is dropping among those 65 and older but rising in younger adults.

美国癌症学会的研究人员发现，在美国，65岁以上的人被诊断为结肠直肠癌的比率在下降，但在年轻人中却在上升。

Scientists knew cases of colorectal cancer was going up in younger age groups. "But we were surprised by how fast it is happening," said Rebecca Siegel, study co-author and scientific director of surveillance research at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta.

科学家们知道，结肠直肠癌的发病率在较年轻的人群中呈上升趋势。“但我们对它发生的速度感到惊讶，”丽贝卡·西格尔说，她是亚特兰大美国癌症协会监测研究的合著者和科学主任。

"This report is very important because it not only provides a snapshot of the current colorectal cancer burden, but also a window to the future," she said, adding that if the increases in younger adults continue, "doctors should be aware of the unique challenges in this patient population -- such as the need for the preservation of fertility and sexual function, as well as the risk of long-term treatment effects because of their extended life expectancy."

她说：“这份报告非常重要，因为它不仅提供了当前结肠直肠癌负担的概况，而且为未来提供了一个窗口，”她补充说，如果年轻人的(发病率)继续增长下去，“医生应该意识到这个病人群体中的独特挑战——比如保持生育能力和性功能的必要性，以及由于他们的预期寿命延长而产生长期治疗效果的风险。”

The obesity epidemic could be a factor
肥胖的流行可能是一个因素

The report included data on colorectal cancer cases and deaths from the National Cancer Institute and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, among others.

该报告包括了来自国家癌症研究所和美国疾病控制和预防中心等机构的结肠直肠癌病例和死亡数据。

Based on an analysis of the data, researchers found colorectal cancer cases among people younger than 50 have been increasing since the mid-1990s.

根据对数据的分析，研究人员发现，50岁以下人群的结肠直肠癌病例自上世纪90年代中期以来一直在增加。

From 2012 to 2016, incidence rates among that age group rose by 2.2% annually and included tumors found in both the colon and the rectum, the study found.

研究发现，从2012年到2016年，该年龄组的发病率每年上升2.2%，其中包括结肠和直肠肿瘤。

Among adults ages 50 to 64, researchers found that colorectal cancer incidence declined during the 2000s, then reversed course and rose by 1% annually between 2011 and 2016. Among adults ages 65 and older, the study found that a rapid decline in colorectal cancer incidence persisted during the 2000s and that rates fell by 3.3% annually from 2011 to 2016.

研究人员发现，在50岁至64岁的成年人中，结肠直肠癌发病率在21世纪前10年呈下降趋势，然后在2011年至2016年之间出现逆转，每年上升1%。该研究发现，在65岁及以上的成年人中，结肠直肠癌发病率在21世纪初持续快速下降，从2011年到2016年，每年下降3.3%。