一些专家对“怀孕期间摄入咖啡因并不安全”提出质疑

一些专家对“怀孕期间摄入咖啡因并不安全”提出质疑

There is no safe level of caffeine for a developing fetus, so women who are pregnant or considering pregnancy should abstain from coffee and other caffeine-containing products entirely, according to the author of a new review of literature.

一篇新的文献综述的作者说，对于发育中的胎儿来说，没有安全的咖啡因含量，因此怀孕或考虑怀孕的妇女应该完全戒掉咖啡和其他含咖啡因的产品。

But experts not involved in the review, which published Monday in the journal BMJ, question those conclusions.

但是，这篇综述周一发表在《英国医学杂志》上, 没有参与这项综述的专家对这些结论提出了质疑。

There is no need for "immediate change to the current guidance" based on this research, said Dr. Christopher Zahn, vice president of practice activities for the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.

美国妇产科学会实践活动副主席克里斯托弗·扎恩博士说，基于这项研究，没有必要“立即改变目前的指导方针”。

"Our guidance remains that moderate caffeine consumption, less than 200 mg per day, does not appear to be a major contributing factor in miscarriage or preterm birth," Zahn told CNN in an email statement.

扎恩在电子邮件声明中告诉CNN:“我们的指导意见仍然是，适量摄入咖啡因，每天少于200毫克，似乎不是导致流产或早产的主要因素。”

The United Kingdom's Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists provided a similar statement.

英国皇家妇产科学院也发表了类似的声明。

No cause and effect

无因果关系

The review looked at 37 observational studies on the link between caffeine and pregnancy outcomes and found "maternal caffeine consumption is reliably associated with miscarriage, stillbirth, low birth weight and/or small for gestational age, childhood acute leukaemia and childhood overweight and obesity."

该综述回顾了37项关于咖啡因与妊娠结局之间关系的观察性研究，发现“孕妇摄入咖啡因与流产、死产、低出生体重和/或胎龄较小、儿童急性白血病、儿童超重和肥胖之间存在可靠联系。”

There was no association with preterm birth, however.

然而，这与早产没有关联。

"The cumulative scientific evidence supports pregnant women and women contemplating pregnancy being advised to avoid caffeine," said study author Jack James, a professor of psychology at Reykjavik University in Iceland, in a statement.

该研究的作者、冰岛雷克雅未克大学的心理学教授杰克•詹姆斯在一份声明中说:“累积的科学证据支持建议孕妇和考虑怀孕的女性避免摄入咖啡因。”

Current health guidelines on caffeine consumption during pregnancy, which typically advise pregnant women to keep caffeine consumption at 200 milligrams or less a day, are in need of "radical revision," James said.

目前关于怀孕期间咖啡因摄入的健康指南，通常建议孕妇每天摄入200毫克或更少的咖啡因，需要“彻底的修改”，詹姆斯说。

Prevalence of caffeine

流行的咖啡因

Sticking to the 200 miillgrams or less of caffeine a day can be difficult unless a pregnant woman carefully monitors her caffeine intake. That limit can be easily reached -- and exceeded -- by a single cuppa at many coffee shops.

坚持每天摄入200微克或更少的咖啡因是很困难的，除非孕妇仔细监控自己的咖啡因摄入量。在很多咖啡店里，一杯咖啡就能轻松达到甚至超过这个限量。

For example, a 16-ounce cup of Starbucks Blonde Roast coffee contains 360 milligrams of caffeine; and a 14-ounce medium cup of regular Dunkin' coffee has 210 milligrams.

例如，一杯16盎司的星巴克金色烘焙咖啡含有360毫克咖啡因;而一杯14盎司的中杯普通唐金咖啡含有210毫克。

Decaf coffee contains between 9 and 14 milligrams of caffeine and is therefore a better choice, experts say.

专家说，脱咖啡因咖啡含有9到14毫克咖啡因，因此是更好的选择。

Besides coffee, caffeine can be found in a number of foods and drinks that a mom-to-be might consume, such as tea, soda, energy drinks and chocolate. That can also make it difficult for a pregnant woman to realize just how much caffeine she might be consuming.

除了咖啡，准妈妈们吃的很多食物和饮料中都含有咖啡因，比如茶、苏打水、能量饮料和巧克力。这也会让孕妇很难意识到自己到底摄入了多少咖啡因。

For example, Coca-Cola contains 34 milligrams of caffeine in each 12-ounce can, while Diet Coke contains 46 milligrams. A bar of Hershey's dark chocolate contains 20 milligrams, but some candies add extra caffeine for energy boost: a bar of Snickers Charge has 60 milligrams.

例如，每罐12盎司的可口可乐含有34毫克咖啡因，而健怡可乐含有46毫克咖啡因。一块好时黑巧克力含有20毫克咖啡因，但有些糖果会添加额外的咖啡因以增加能量:一块士力架的咖啡因含量为60毫克。

And here is another factor to consider: The body removes caffeine much more slowly from the mother's blood during pregnancy, according to the World Health Organization.

还有另一个需要考虑的因素:根据世界卫生组织的数据，怀孕期间身体从母亲血液中去除咖啡因的速度要慢得多。