尝试这种对地球友好的饮食来对抗气候变化

尝试这种对地球友好的饮食来对抗气候变化

There is no avoiding it — we have to eat every day. And as the effects of climate change become increasingly evident, the choices we make about what we're eating are more significant than ever.

这是无法避免的——我们每天都要吃东西。随着气候变化的影响越来越明显，我们对饮食的选择比以往任何时候都更加重要。

With many of us cooking at home these days, there is more of an opportunity to use food to fight climate change. By adjusting your eating habits, you can help make a more positive impact on your health as well as the Earth's.

如今，随着我们许多人在家做饭，有更多的机会利用食物来对抗气候变化。通过调整你的饮食习惯，你可以对你的健康和地球的健康产生更积极的影响。

Ease up on red meat

少吃红肉

If you only make one switch in the service of the planet, cutting out red meat and animal proteins will have the greatest immediate impact.

如果你为地球服务只做一次改变，那么不吃红肉和动物蛋白将会产生最直接的影响。

"A diet without meat products can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 49 percent," said Galen Karlan-Mason, founder and CEO of GreenChoice, a grocery shopping app that helps consumers make informed choices about sustainability and nutrition.

“没有肉制品的饮食可以减少49%的温室气体排放，”GreenChoice的创始人兼首席执行官盖伦·卡兰·梅森说，GreenChoice是一款帮助消费者对可持续性和营养做出明智选择的购物应用程序。

Karlan-Mason cited a number of factors that make industrial agriculture one of the most environmentally taxing processes in global food production. "We monocrop corn and soy and process it into feed, ship the feed to the cattle, provide land and water, and repeat for the life of the cattle, all while the cattle release methane gas daily."

卡兰·梅森列举了许多因素，这些因素使工业农业成为全球粮食生产中对环境影响最大的过程之一。”我们种植玉米和大豆，并将其加工成饲料，将饲料运送给牛，提供土地和水，这样循环往复，而牛每天都会释放甲烷气体。”

Plant-based meats, however, aren't a one-to-one replacement for burgers and sausages. "If we look at soy production, it's second to beef in environmental damage — we're replacing first degree murder with second degree murder," said Douglas Murray, associate professor and chair of the nutrition and food studies department at Montclair State University in New Jersey.

然而，植物性肉类并不是汉堡和香肠的一对一替代品。新泽西州蒙特克莱尔州立大学营养与食品研究系主任道格拉斯·默里副教授说:“如果我们看看大豆生产，它对环境的破坏仅次于牛肉——我们正在用二级谋杀取代一级谋杀。”

Focus on unprocessed ingredients

关注未加工的原料

Beyond engineered substitutes, vegetarian protein sources are the obvious swap-in for meat. Most vegetables, as noted in the 2018 Science study, have less of a carbon footprint than even the least impactful animal protein sources, like fish, eggs and dairy.

除了转基因替代品，素食蛋白来源显然是肉类的替代品。正如2018年《科学》研究指出的那样，大多数蔬菜的碳足迹甚至比影响最小的动物蛋白来源(如鱼、蛋和奶制品)还要少。

The phrase "plant-based diet" is a wide-ranging term that encompasses high-protein vegetarian foods like beans, lentils, leafy greens, quinoa and other unprocessed ingredients.

“植物性饮食”是一个广泛的术语，包括高蛋白素食，如豆类、扁豆、绿叶蔬菜、藜麦和其他未经加工的材料。

Replacing beef with one of these in your chili, for example, is a small change that can also have a positive effect on your health. There is a correlation between vegetarian diets and sustained weight loss as well as lower risks for certain types of cancer and heart disease, multiple studies have shown.

例如，用辣椒中的一种来代替牛肉，是一种小小的改变，对你的健康也有积极的影响。多项研究表明，素食与持续减肥以及降低患某些癌症和心脏病的风险之间存在关联。

Local is great, but not everything

本地的很好，但不是所有的东西都好

"Eat local" has long been a sustainability mantra, and community farmers' markets have proliferated over the past 15 years. The number of farmers' markets nationwide skyrocketed from 1,755 in 1994 to 8,771 in 2019, according to the USDA.

“吃本地菜”一直是一个可持续发展的口号，社区农贸市场在过去15年里激增。根据美国农业部的数据，全国农贸市场的数量从1994年的1755个猛增到2019年的8771个。

But surprisingly, fuel, transport and packaging don't have as much of an impact on emissions as you might think.

但令人惊讶的是，燃料、运输和包装对排放的影响并不像你想象的那么大。

"It pales in comparison to the impact of the way land is used," said Shyla Raghav, vice president of climate change at Conservation International, with land use and farm emissions accounting for 80 percent of a food's carbon footprint and transport averaging 5 percent.

国际保护组织负责气候变化的副主席夏拉·拉加夫说:“与土地使用方式的影响相比，这就显得微不足道了。”土地使用和农业排放占粮食碳足迹的80%，交通运输平均占5%。

What about seafood?

海产品怎么样?

"There's a lot of rampant overfishing that's affecting fish stocks around the world," Raghav said, so doing research before buying and eating fish is more important than ever.

”有很多猖獗的过度捕捞正在影响世界各地的鱼类资源，”拉加夫说，因此在购买和食用鱼类之前进行研究比以往任何时候都重要。

Smaller fish like anchovies and sardines, which don't take as much fuel or energy to process, especially in comparison to larger fin fish like tuna. And in terms of sustainable aquaculture, farmed bivalves like oysters and mussels can help clean up waterways through their natural filtering and feeding habits.

像凤尾鱼和沙丁鱼这样的小鱼，加工它们不需要那么多的燃料和能量，尤其是和金枪鱼这样的大鳍鱼相比。在可持续水产养殖方面，养殖的牡蛎和贻贝等双壳类动物可以通过它们的自然过滤和进食习惯帮助清理水道。