什么是业余农场?

什么是业余农场?

A hobby farm can have different definitions. But the basic idea is that a hobby farm is a small-scale farm that is primarily for pleasure instead of being a business venture. The owner or owners of a hobby farm typically have a main source of income, like an off-farm job, or a pension or retirement income. Whatever the source, the point is that the farm does not have to make money—it can be engaged in on a hobby level. So if one season's yield isn't favorable, it is considered more of a disappointment rather than a financial loss.

业余农场可以有不同的定义。但其基本理念是，业余爱好农场是一种主要为娱乐而不是商业冒险的小规模农场。业余农场的所有者通常都有主要的收入来源，比如一份非农工作、退休金或退休收入。不管来源是什么，关键是农场并不一定要赚钱——它可以是一种业余爱好。因此，如果某一季的收成不好，就会被认为是令人失望而不是经济损失。

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Hobby Farming Vs. Homesteading

业余农场和自耕农

Hobby farmers may have a lot of money to invest in their farming endeavors, or they may only have a little and be operating on a shoestring budget. But compared to homesteaders, hobby farmers typically aren't driven by the primary goal of self-sufficiency. They may be very content to continue their jobs and farm on the weekends or to use their retirement income to invest lavishly in the farm animals they choose to keep. The farm may add value to their homes, so minimal upkeep is all they need to retain that value.

业余农业的农民可能有很多钱来投资他们的农业事业，或者他们可能只有很少的钱在一个有限的预算中运作。但与自耕农相比，业余农业的人通常不以自给自足为主要目标。他们可能非常满足于在周末继续他们的工作和种地，或者用他们的退休收入对他们选择饲养的农场动物进行慷慨的投资。农场可以为他们的房屋增值，所以他们只需要很少的维护就可以保持价值。

With hobby farming, there can be some overlap with homesteaders; it's really a spectrum. A hobby farmer may want to be able to maintain the farm with just a part-time job so that she can spend most of her hours farming. She may also want to have a small budget for investing in farm implements, animals, and infrastructure. In this case, it really depends on how the individual farmer identifies. There's a blending of motives and means where a hobby farmer is not very far from a homesteader at times.

对于业余耕作，可能会有一些与自耕农的重叠;这是一个光谱。业余农业的人可能想要通过一份兼职工作来维持农场，这样她就可以把大部分时间花在种地上。她可能还想要一个小预算来投资农具、动物和基础设施。在这种情况下，这真的取决于每个农民如何识别。当一个业余农业的人有时与一个自耕农相距不远的时候，他们的动机和手段就混合在一起了。

Should You Start a Hobby Farm?

你应该开办一个业余农场吗?

The choice to run a hobby farm is really all about what you feel fits your goals best and describes what you're doing accurately. There are no hard-and-fast rules as to what constitutes a farm, so hobby farmers have a lot of wiggle room.

选择经营一个业余农场真的是所有关于你觉得最适合你的目标和描述你正在做的事情。对于什么是农场并没有硬性规定，所以业余农场的农民有很大的回旋余地。

There is something important to know about launching a hobby farm. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service disqualifies hobby farms from receiving tax breaks earmarked for small-farm owners. Some people have claimed hobby farms as tax shelters by looking to avoid paying taxes on pastoral spreads, horse shelters, ​and ranches that they maintain for enjoyment. Section 183 of the U.S. tax code explains the details of tax allowances for hobby farms. Small farms that are in business should be prepared to prove their business operations and income as not to miss out on being designated as a hobby farm and therefore missing out on tax benefits.

关于开办业余农场，有一些重要的事情需要知道。美国国税局取消了霍比农场获得专为小农场主提供的税收优惠的资格。有些人声称，业余农场是避税的地方，他们希望避免为牧区、马棚和他们为享受而维持的牧场缴税。美国税法第183条解释了爱好农场免税的细节。经营中的小农场应该准备好证明他们的经营和收入，以免错过被指定为业余农场，从而错过税收优惠。