研究发现，流感和肺炎疫苗可以降低患阿尔兹海默症的风险

研究发现，流感和肺炎疫苗可以降低患阿尔兹海默症的风险

It turns out that flu and pneumonia shots may be good for more than what their names suggest.

事实证明，流感和肺炎疫苗的好处可能远不止它们的名字所暗示的那样。

Not only does getting a shot reduce your chances of coming down with a nasty infection, but getting vaccinated may also reduce your risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in the future, according to two separate abstracts presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference on Monday.

在周一的阿尔茨海默症协会国际会议上，两份独立的摘要显示，接种疫苗不仅可以降低你感染严重疾病的几率，而且还可以降低你未来患阿尔茨海默症的风险。

"This is an encouraging finding that builds upon prior evidence that vaccination against common infections diseases -- such as the flu -- is associated with a reduced risk for Alzheimer's and a delay in disease onset," said neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson, founder of the Alzheimer's Prevention Clinic at NewYork-Presbyterian and Weill Cornell Medical Center, who was not involved in the study.

神经学家理查德·艾萨克森博士说：“这是一个令人鼓舞的发现，它建立在先前证据的基础上，即预防常见传染病(如流感)的疫苗接种可以降低阿尔兹海默症的风险，延缓疾病的发生。”他是纽约长老会和威尔康奈尔医学中心阿尔兹海默症预防诊所的创始人，他没有参与这项研究。

"Regular use of the flu vaccine, especially starting at an early age, may help prevent viral infections that could cause cascading effects on the immune system and inflammatory pathways. These viral infections may trigger Alzheimers related cognitive decline," Isaacson said.

“经常使用流感疫苗，尤其是在幼年时期，可能有助于防止病毒感染，这种病毒感染可能会对免疫系统和炎症途径造成连锁效应。这些病毒感染可能会引发阿尔茨海默症，导致认知能力下降。

But experts say more studies are needed to pin down the relationship between getting those vaccines and the reduced risk.

但是专家说需要更多的研究来确定接种疫苗和降低风险之间的关系。

There is no cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD) yet, but research shows paying attention to certain key lifestyle factors -- including getting proper sleep, nutrition and exercise -- may influence a person's individual risk. Getting vaccinated may fall into that category.

目前还没有治愈阿尔茨海默症(AD)的方法，但研究表明，关注某些关键的生活方式因素(包括获得适当的睡眠、营养和锻炼)可能会影响一个人的个人风险。接种疫苗就属于这一类。

If getting vaccinated for flu or pneumonia, just on its own, can reduce the risk of Alzheimer's, then these are important messages to get out to the public, Alzheimer's Association chief science officer Maria Carrillo told CNN.

阿尔茨海默病协会首席科学官玛丽亚·卡里略对CNN说，如果仅仅靠接种流感或肺炎疫苗就能降低患阿尔兹海默症的风险，那么这些都是向公众传达的重要信息。

"We do need more research to understand what that connection is," said Carrillo, who oversees research initiatives for the association.

“我们确实需要更多的研究来了解这种联系是什么，”负责该协会研究计划的卡里略说。

"Is it direct, the vaccine to disease? Or is it protective, as a part of the risk reduction strategies that we have, like lower your BMI (body mass index), watch your sugar intake, keep an eye on your cholesterol and high blood pressure, exercise, get vaccinated," she added. "It's one of those sort of health tips that we need to make sure that our public knows about."

“疫苗是直接预防疾病的吗?”还是保护性的，作为我们降低风险策略的一部分，比如降低你的BMI(身体质量指数)，注意你的糖摄入量，注意你的胆固醇和高血压，锻炼，接种疫苗，”她补充道。“这是我们需要确保公众知道的健康建议之一。”

Influenza vaccine and AD

流感疫苗和阿尔兹海默症

The first study, presented by Albert Amran, a fourth-year medical student with McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, examined a large American health record data set of more than 9,000 patients over the age of 60. The researchers found having one flu vaccination was associated with a 17% reduction in Alzheimer's incidence. Those who were vaccinated more than once over the years saw an additional 13% reduction in incidence.

第一项研究是由休斯顿德克萨斯大学健康科学中心麦戈文医学院四年级医学生艾伯特·阿姆兰提出的，他研究了一个包含9000多名60岁以上患者的大型美国健康记录数据集。研究人员发现，接种一次流感疫苗可以使阿尔兹海默症的发病率降低17%。那些在过去几年中接种过一次以上疫苗的人的发病率又下降了13%。

The protective association appeared to be strongest for those who received their first vaccine at a younger age, for example at age 60 versus 70.

在较早时接种第一次疫苗的人，例如在60岁与70岁之间，这种保护性关联似乎最强。

"There has been a concern in the medical community that many sources of inflammation, such as urinary tract infections, worsen the course of patients with Alzheimer's disease," Amran told CNN. "Hence, we have been worried that vaccinations, a form of inflammation, could also worsen the course of AD."

阿姆兰告诉CNN:“医学界一直担心，许多炎症的来源，比如尿道感染，会使阿尔茨海默症患者的病情恶化。”“因此，我们一直担心，作为一种炎症，接种疫苗也会使阿尔兹海默症的病程恶化。”

Pneumonia vaccine and AD

肺炎疫苗和阿尔兹海默症

The second abstract examined the associations between pneumococcal vaccine, with and without an accompanying flu shot, and the risk of Alzheimer's. The study analyzed over 5,000 people over 65 who were participating in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a long-term government funded look at risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

第二篇摘要研究了肺炎球菌疫苗(含或不含流感疫苗)与阿尔茨海默病风险之间的关系。这项研究分析了5000名65岁以上的人，他们参加了心血管健康研究，这是一项由政府长期资助的研究心血管疾病风险因素的研究。

Some of the participants had a known genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's: the rs2075650 G allelein the TOMM40 gene, which has also been linked to a higher risk for lifetime depression.

一些参与者有一种已知的阿尔茨海默病的遗传风险因素:TOMM40基因中的rs2075650 G等位基因，这种基因也与终生抑郁的高风险有关。

The researchers found that getting a pneumococcal vaccine between the ages of 65-75 reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's by 25 to 30% after adjusting for sex, race, birth cohort, education, smoking and genetic risk factors.

研究人员发现，在调整性别、种族、出生队列、教育、吸烟和遗传风险因素后，在65-75岁之间接种肺炎球菌疫苗可使患老年痴呆症的风险降低25% - 30%。

However, the largest reduction in the risk of Alzheimer's -- up to 40% -- was seen among people vaccinated against pneumonia who didn't have the risk gene.

然而，患阿尔茨海默症的风险降低幅度最大，高达40%，是那些接种了肺炎疫苗却没有这种风险基因的人。