医学组织分享了戴口罩的注意事项

医学组织分享了戴口罩的注意事项

In an attempt to get every American behind the idea of wearing a face mask -- and behind an actual face mask -- to slow the spread of Covid-19, the Association of American Medical Colleges on Wednesday released simple, straight-forward national guidance for the public.

美国医学院协会(AAMC)周三发布了一份简明、直白的全国公众指南，旨在让每个美国人都支持戴口罩的理念，以及戴上真正的口罩，以减缓Covid-19的传播。

"These guidelines are meant to provide everyone around the country with a unified approach to wearing face masks and correct the often-conflicting messaging and misinformation out there," Dr. Atul Grover, executive director of the AAMC Research and Action Institute said in a news release.

AAMC研究与行动研究所的执行主任阿图尔·格罗弗博士在新闻发布会上说:“这些指导方针旨在为全国所有人提供统一的口罩佩戴方法，并纠正经常出现的信息冲突和错误信息。”

"Until we develop a vaccine and better therapeutics, prevention is the key to reducing the impact of this pandemic," Grover said. "The quicker we make face coverings our 'new normal,' the faster we can gain control over Covid-19."

格罗弗说:“在我们研制出疫苗和更好的治疗方法之前，预防是减少这种流行病影响的关键。”“我们越快把面罩作为‘新常态’，就能越快控制Covid-19。”

Grover told CNN that face masks protect everyone -- you and the other person. "If you're wearing it and the people around you are wearing it, we've seen that transmission [of the coronavirus] probably drops in the 90% plus range, which is pretty good odds," he said.

格罗弗在接受CNN采访时表示，口罩能保护每个人——你和其他人。他说:“如果你和你周围的人都戴着它，我们已经看到[冠状病毒]传播率可能下降到90%以上，这是相当大的几率。”

The AAMC -- a nonprofit association representing all accredited US and Canadian medical schools, teaching hospitals, health systems and academic societies -- compiled its new guidelines using the latest scientific information and studies on mask usage from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, state and local governments and public health experts.

AAMC是一个非营利性组织，代表所有经认证的美国和加拿大医学院、教学医院、卫生系统和学术团体，利用美国疾病控制和预防中心，州和地方政府以及公共卫生专家提供的最新科学信息和口罩使用研究，编制了新的指南。

What masks to wear
戴什么口罩

The guidelines state that face coverings should cover both your nose and mouth and should be well-fitted to minimize gaps around your nose and chin; cloth face masks should have at least two layers, and three layers when possible; loosely folded face coverings and bandana-style coverings are better than no coverings but still allow for the smallest aerosolized respiratory droplets to get into the air.

指导规定，口罩应同时覆盖鼻子和嘴部，并应适当贴合，以减少鼻子和下巴周围的空隙;布制口罩应至少有两层，可能的话应有三层;松散折叠的面部覆盖物和头巾式覆盖物比没有覆盖物要好，但仍然会让最小的雾化呼吸飞沫进入空气。

When to wear masks indoors
在室内何时戴口罩

Wearing a face mask "is critically important" when indoors because super-spreader events are much more likely to occur indoors, according to the guidelines. Therefore, the guidelines note that face coverings should be worn by everyone age 2 and older when indoors and around people who do not live in their household. All businesses open to the public should insist that all customers wear masks while indoors, the guidelines say.

根据指南，在室内戴口罩“至关重要”，因为超级传播事件更容易发生在室内。因此，指导方针指出，2岁及2岁以上的人在室内和不住在家里的人周围都应戴上面罩。指导方针说，所有对公众开放的企业都应该坚持让所有顾客在室内戴口罩。

When to wear masks outdoors
在户外何时戴口罩

When outdoors, the safest option for everyone age 2 and older is to wear a mask, even when briefly passing by others, such as running or walking by someone on the sidewalk, according to the guidelines. Avoid nonessential activities and gatherings that bring people within 6 feet of each other or cause a more forceful breathing.

根据指南，户外活动时，对于2岁及以上的人来说，最安全的选择是戴上口罩，即使是短暂路过他人时，如在人行道上跑步或散步的时候。避免不必要的活动和聚会，这些活动和聚会会使人们彼此相距不超过6英尺，或导致呼吸更加吃力。

'There's really no downside to this'
"这真的没有什么坏处"

To those who say masks are uncomfortable, Grover acknowledged that they're uncomfortable for him too. "I would say, 'You're right.' ... But there are things that we all do to take normal precautions; I don't like wearing a seatbelt most of the time -- I try to keep my clothes unwrinkled; it's uncomfortable -- but it's the law, and we also know it saves lives... It's a pro-and-con risk and there's really no downside to this except that discomfort."

对于那些说戴口罩不舒服的人，格罗弗承认戴口罩对他来说也不舒服。“我会说，‘你是对的。’…但有些事情我们都会采取正常的预防措施;大多数时候我不喜欢系安全带——我尽量不让衣服起皱;这很不舒服，但这是法律，我们也知道这能拯救生命……这是一种有利有弊的风险，除了让人感到不舒服之外，真的没有什么坏处。”