罗丹是如何确保他的巴黎博物馆未来的财务状况的

罗丹是如何确保他的巴黎博物馆未来的财务状况的

Museums around the world are struggling because of the coronavirus: New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art is projecting $100 million in losses this year, and even France's publicly funded Louvre has lost 40 million euros following a four-month closure.

世界各地的博物馆因冠状病毒而陷入困境:纽约大都会艺术博物馆今年的亏损达到了1亿美元,甚至法国的公开资助的卢浮宫在四个月的关闭后损失了4000万欧元。

Musée Rodin in the southwest corner of Paris has a unique economic model to keep it running ... and it involves selling some of the artwork.

位于巴黎西南角的罗丹博物馆拥有独特的经济模式来维持运营……还包括出售一些艺术品。

The 19th-century sculptor's most famous bronze statue, The Thinker, sits amid pink and white roses in a spacious hedge lined garden, with the Eiffel Tower in the distance. If you recall seeing The Thinker elsewhere, you're right. Thanks to Rodin's economic ingenuity, this statue and many of his others also can be found in galleries around the world.

这位19世纪雕刻家最著名的青铜雕像是《思想者》，它坐落在一个宽阔的、绿篱环绕的花园里，四周是粉红色和白色的玫瑰，远处是埃菲尔铁塔。如果你记得在别处见过《思想者》，你就对了。由于罗丹在经济上的聪明才智，这个雕像和他的其他许多雕像也可以在世界各地的画廊里找到。

When he died in 1917, Rodin left his estate to the museum, including the original plaster molds of more than 100 sculptures. "Rodin gave the economical system so that the museum could live," museum communications director Clémence Goldberger explains.

1917年罗丹去世时，他把他的遗产留给了博物馆，包括100多个雕塑的原始石膏模型。“罗丹提供了经济系统，使博物馆能够生存，”博物馆公关总监克莱门斯·戈德伯格解释说。

The museum still uses these molds to recast new bronze sculptures and sell them — and with a projected loss of 3 million euros this year, the molds have never proved more valuable.

博物馆仍在使用这些模型重铸新的青铜雕塑并将其出售——这些模型今年预计将损失300万欧元，其价值从未如此之高。

"Legally they are originals," says Didier Rykner, an art historian. "But you know, they are originals from Rodin and they were made one year ago — so what is original and what is not? "

“从法律上讲，它们都是原创作品，”艺术历史学家迪迪埃•赖克纳说。“但你知道，它们是罗丹的原作，而且是一年前制作的，那么什么是原作，什么不是?””

Rykner acknowledges the existential questions that arise from this practice, but says you can't blame the museum for utilizing a system the artist himself put in place.

赖克纳承认了这种做法的存在问题，但他说，你不能责怪博物馆利用艺术家自己建立的系统。

"It's good because it brings money for the museum," Rykner says.

“这很好，因为它为博物馆带来了收入，” 赖克纳说。

A visitor looks at Rodin's The Thinker at Alte Nationalgalerie in Berlin in May 2020.

2020年5月，一名参观者在柏林的Alte nationalerie画廊观看罗丹的《思想者》。

With prices starting at around 30,000 euros and extending to tens of millions, the molds have become a crucial safety net.

由于模型的起价在3万欧元左右，一直延伸到数千万欧元，因此模型已成为一个至关重要的安全网。

Even though the Rodin museum is considered public, it doesn't take any money from the state. But that's exactly what the artist wanted, says the museum's director Catherine Chevillot.

尽管罗丹博物馆被认为是公共的，但它不从国家拿一分钱。但博物馆馆长凯瑟琳·切维勒说，这正是艺术家想要的。

"I think he wanted to be sure that his museum could survive and could be independent," Chevillot explains.

“我认为他想确保他的博物馆能够存活下来，能够独立，” 切维勒解释说。

After a four-month closure due to the coronavirus, the museum reopened to the public in early July. But the experience is different: There's a face mask requirement, a hand sanitizer machine at the entrance and a one-way path through the galleries.

在因感染冠状病毒而关闭了四个月后，博物馆于7月初重新向公众开放。但体验是不同的:需要佩戴口罩，入口处有一个洗手液消毒机，走廊里有一条单行道。

The most noticeable change, however, is the drop in visitors. The majority of ticket sales usually come from international tourists, many of whom are still barred from entry into the European Union.

然而，最明显的变化是游客数量的下降。大部分门票销售通常来自国际游客，其中许多人仍被禁止进入欧盟。