为什么人体真的需要富含叶酸的食物?

为什么人体真的需要富含叶酸的食物?

Folate in foods and folic acid in supplements or are formed through a number of important biochemical reactions in the body. This vitamin B9 is responsible for the synthesis of red blood cells. It helps prevent anemia, cardiovascular disease and kidney problems. Here are the effects of folic acid.

食物中的叶酸和补充剂中的叶酸都是通过身体中一些重要的生化反应形成的。这种维生素B9负责红细胞的合成。它有助于预防贫血、心血管疾病和肾脏问题。以下是叶酸的作用。

1. Can reduce the risk of neural tube defects in children

能降低儿童神经管缺陷的风险

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are a common complex birth defect of the central nervous system (CNS). This is due to incomplete neural tube completion during embryonic development.

神经管缺损(NTDs)是一种常见的复杂的先天性中枢神经系统缺损。这是由于胚胎发育期间神经管不完全完成。

Only 1% of babies born with an unsealed nerve tube do not have a disability. The rest often lose sensation in the skin, deformities in the hips, knees and legs. They have a reduced ability to walk, loss of control over urination, and often require surgical intervention. Folic acid supplements are recommended for all affected women during pregnancy.

只有1%的神经管未封闭的婴儿没有残疾。其余的人通常皮肤失去知觉，臀部、膝盖和腿部畸形。他们走路能力下降，无法控制排尿，经常需要手术治疗。建议所有受影响的孕妇在怀孕期间补充叶酸。

2. Can prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)

可预防心血管疾病(CVDs)

Studies are concerned about the role of homocysteine amino acids in cardiovascular diseases. Even increasing homocysteine levels do not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although when the disease forms, folic acid can be one of the effective treatment nutrients.

研究关注的是同型半胱氨酸氨基酸在心血管疾病中的作用。即使增加同型半胱氨酸水平也不会增加心血管疾病的风险。虽然当疾病形成时，叶酸是一种有效的治疗营养物质。

The link between them is still under study. But there is an opinion that homocysteine can cause blood clots, dilate blood vessels and thicken artery walls.

它们之间的联系仍在研究中。但有一种观点认为，同型半胱氨酸会导致血凝块、血管扩张和动脉壁增厚。

3. May reduce the risk of cancer

可以降低患癌症的风险

Folate plays a key role in the synthesis of DNA and RNA, methylation and cell division. All these processes are very important for the functioning of the body. The overall manifestation of these molecular errors is cancer.

叶酸在DNA和RNA的合成、甲基化和细胞分裂中起关键作用。所有这些过程对身体的功能都非常重要。这些分子错误的总体表现就是癌症。

It is thought that cancer arises from DNA destruction and the uncontrolled activation of genes. Because of folate's role in DNA and RNA synthesis and methylation, insufficient intake of folic acid will contribute to cancer. Lack of nucleotides and defect repair processes of DNA can promote tumor growth.

人们认为，癌症是由DNA破坏和不受控制的基因激活引起的。由于叶酸在DNA和RNA的合成和甲基化中的作用，叶酸摄入不足会导致癌症。缺乏核苷酸和DNA缺陷修复过程可以促进肿瘤生长。

4. Can treat anemia in women and children

能治疗妇女儿童贫血

Folic acid helps produce red blood cells (RBCs) that help carry oxygen throughout the body. If the body does not produce enough red blood cells it can cause anemia.

叶酸有助于产生红细胞，帮助将氧气输送到全身。如果身体不能产生足够的红血球，就会导致贫血。

Anemia develops abnormally with 40% more in folic acid deficiency women than in control women. These results suggest the role of folate in the RBCs process.

叶酸缺乏症的妇女比正常对照组的妇女多40%患贫血。这些结果表明叶酸在红细胞再生过程中的作用。

5. Folic acid is necessary for pregnant women and children

叶酸对孕妇和儿童都是必需的

Because it is essential for DNA and protein synthesis, folate plays a fundamental role in fetal growth and development. That is why folate needs increase for pregnant women. When enough folic acid is present, the embryonic cells differentiate into tissues and organs.

由于叶酸对DNA和蛋白质的合成至关重要，因此它在胎儿的生长和发育中起着至关重要的作用。这就是为什么孕妇需要增加叶酸的原因。当叶酸足够多时，胚胎细胞分化成组织和器官。

The neural tube is one of the earliest formed structures. First of all, this structure is flattened but then develops into tubules only 1 month after the fetus forms. This neural tube grows into the brain and spinal cord.

神经管是最早形成的结构之一。首先，这个结构是扁平的，但在胎儿形成1个月后就发展成小管。这个神经管生长到大脑和脊髓。

When there is not enough folic acid, the cells in this structure cannot grow fully and the differentiation of the neural tube into the spinal cord and brain is not complete.

叶酸不足时，该结构中的细胞不能充分生长，神经管向脊髓和大脑的分化也不完全。

In addition, the results of observational studies suggest that folic acid may be needed during labor. Folic acid supplementation may prevent preterm delivery. It can also prevent miscarriage, stillbirth, multiple pregnancy, etc.

此外，观察研究结果表明，在分娩过程中可能需要叶酸。补充叶酸可预防早产。它还可以防止流产，死产，多胎妊娠等。

Studies seem to care and recommend folic acid supplements for a period of 1 year before trying to get pregnant.

研究似乎关注并建议在试图怀孕前服用叶酸1年。