如何清洗蔬菜内的杀虫剂?
如何清洗蔬菜内的杀虫剂?
In its April 2020 report, the Environmental Work, a US non-profit organization working on the environment, studied and published a list of the 12 most abundant pesticide residues; At the same time, suggest 15 safe, little or no food or vegetable protection products in the United States.
美国非营利环保组织“环境工作”在其2020年4月的报告中研究并公布了12种最丰富的农药残留;同时，建议在美国使用15种安全、很少或不含食品或蔬菜保护的产品。
According to the Environmental Work organization, the list of 12 fruits and vegetables with the most pesticide residue in the United States includes: Strawberries, spinach, kale, nectarines, apples, grapes, peaches, cherries, pears, tomatoes, celery and potatoes.
根据环境工作组织，美国农药残留最多的12种水果和蔬菜包括:草莓，菠菜，甘蓝，油桃，苹果，葡萄，桃子，樱桃，梨，西红柿，芹菜和土豆。
In addition to the list of most pesticide-containing vegetables and fruits, the Environmental Work organization also launched 15 clean and safe vegetables and fruits of 2020 including: Avocado, sweet corn, pineapple, onion, papaya, frozen peas, eggplant, asparagus, cauliflower, melon, broccoli, mushrooms, cabbage, pear melon, kiwi.
除了公布了农药含量最高的蔬菜水果名单，环保工作组织还在2020年推出了15种清洁安全的蔬菜水果，包括:鳄梨、甜玉米、菠萝、洋葱、木瓜、冷冻豌豆、茄子、芦笋、花菜、甜瓜、西兰花、蘑菇、卷心菜、梨瓜、猕猴桃。
Ways to reduce pesticides in vegetables
减少蔬菜中杀虫剂的方法
1. Peel fruit
削去水果皮
Many fruits and vegetables have natural fruit wax on their skin, non-invasive water-soluble insecticides and fat-soluble pesticides that are only superficial. In this case, just peel and eat normally. Peeling is a very safe way to remove pesticides, with an efficiency rate of more than 90%. Of course, this method is not suitable for green vegetables, but if it is cabbage wrapped in leaves and kale, discarding 2 to 3 outside leaves is also quite safe.
许多水果和蔬菜的皮上有天然的水果蜡，非侵入性水溶性杀虫剂和脂溶性杀虫剂，只是表面的。在这种情况下，只要剥皮正常吃就可以。脱皮是一种非常安全的除害方法，除害效率可达90%以上。当然，这种方法并不适用于绿色蔬菜，但如果是包着叶子的白菜和甘蓝，丢弃外面的2 - 3片叶子也是相当安全的。
2. Blanch over boiling water
用沸水焯一下
Blanching with hot water is also a good way to remove pesticide residues. Using hot water, the solubility rate of pesticides is higher than cold water. In general, it is best to blanch the bulbs for 1 to 2 minutes. Many leafy greens are also suitable for this method, especially those that are high in oxalic acid. Blanching hot water can not only eliminate pesticide residues but also partially remove oxalic acid.
用热水焯也是去除农药残留的好方法。使用热水时，农药的溶解度高于冷水。一般来说，最好焯水1到2分钟。许多绿叶蔬菜也适合这种方法，尤其是那些草酸含量高的蔬菜。热水焯水不仅可以去除农药残留，还可以部分去除草酸。
However, this method also has a major disadvantage that blanching hot water can cause nutrient loss in food. In fact, the vitamins and other nutrients in vegetables do not heat, normal cooking has also lost some nutrients. If you blanch the hot water before cooking, the nutrients will be lost.
然而，这种方法也有一个主要的缺点，即热水过烫会导致食物中的营养流失。其实，蔬菜中的维生素和其他营养素不加热，正常烹饪也失去了一些营养素。如果你在烹饪前把热水烫过，营养就会流失。
3. Wash fruits and vegetables under running water
用自来水清洗水果和蔬菜
In the process of caring for fruits and vegetables, many farmers spray insecticides on leaves and stems to protect crops from damage. A significant amount of pesticide also accumulates on the outer surface of fruits and vegetables. To remove pesticide residues from purchased fruit and vegetables, the first thing you should pay attention to is to wash them under running water before eating.
在照料水果和蔬菜的过程中，许多农民在叶子和茎上喷洒杀虫剂，以保护农作物免受损害。大量的农药也会在水果和蔬菜的外表面堆积。购买的水果和蔬菜要去除农药残留，首先要注意的是在吃之前用流水清洗。
Washing fruits and vegetables under running water does not simply eliminate pesticides because they are water soluble, but rubbing while washing also helps to remove impurities. Fruits like grapes, apples, strawberries, guavas, blueberries, plums, peaches, and pears, as well as vegetables like tomatoes, eggplants, green beans and okra can be cleaned using this method.
因为水果和蔬菜是溶于水的，所以用自来水清洗水果和蔬菜并不能简单地去除农药，而且清洗时揉搓也有助于去除杂质。葡萄、苹果、草莓、番石榴、蓝莓、李子、桃子、梨等水果，以及西红柿、茄子、青豆、秋葵等蔬菜，都可以用这种方法清洗。
