在这个身心疲惫的期间，公园比以往任何时候都重要

在这个身心疲惫的期间，公园比以往任何时候都重要

The Covid-19 pandemic has altered humans' relationship with natural landscapes in ways that may be long-lasting. One of its most direct effects on people's daily lives is reduced access to public parks.

Covid-19流行病以可能持久的方式改变了人类与自然景观的关系。它对人们日常生活最直接的影响之一是减少了进入公园的机会。

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued guidelines urging Americans to stay at home whenever feasible, and to avoid discretionary travel and gatherings of more than 10 people. Emergency declarations and stay-at-home orders vary from state to state, but many jurisdictions have closed state and county parks, as well as smaller parks, playgrounds, beaches and other outdoor destinations.

美国疾病控制与预防中心发布了指导意见，敦促美国人尽可能呆在家里，避免随意出行和10人以上的聚会。各州的紧急声明和居家令各不相同，但许多司法管辖区已经关闭了州和县公园，以及较小的公园、游乐场、海滩和其他户外目的地。

There's good reason for these actions, especially in places where people have spurned social distancing rules. But particularly in urban environments, parks are important to human health and well-being.

这些措施是有充分理由的，尤其是在人们已经摒弃了社会距离规则的地方。但公园对人类健康和福祉至关重要，特别是在城市环境中。

As a landscape architect, I believe that Frederick Law Olmsted, the founder of our field, took the right approach. Olmsted served as general secretary of the United States Sanitary Commission during the Civil War, and his knowledge of contagious diseases informed his visions for his great North American urban parks, including Central Park in New York, Mount Royal Park in Montreal and Boston's Emerald Necklace park system.

作为一名景观设计师，我相信我们这个领域的创始人弗雷德里克·劳·奥姆斯特德的做法是正确的。奥姆斯特德在美国内战期间担任美国卫生委员会秘书长，他对传染病的了解帮助他构想了北美的大型城市公园，包括纽约的中央公园、蒙特利尔的皇家山公园和波士顿的翡翠项链公园系统。

In my view, closing parks and public green spaces should be a temporary, last-resort measure for disease control, and reopening closed parks should be a priority as cities emerge from shutdowns.

在我看来，关闭公园和公共绿地应该是控制疾病的临时、最后手段，而重新开放关闭的公园应该是城市从封锁向恢复的优先事项。

Making healthy places

打造健康的场所

Olmsted was born in 1822 but became a landscape architect rather late in his career, at age 43. His ideas evolved from a diverse and unique set of experiences.

奥姆斯特德生于1822年，但在他职业生涯的晚期，在43岁时成为了一名风景园林师。他的想法是从一系列不同而独特的经历中发展而来的。

From the start, Olmsted recognized the positive effect of nature, noting how urban trees provided a "soothing and refreshing sanitary influence." His "sanitary style" of design offered more than mere decoration. "Service must precede art" was his cry.

从一开始，奥姆斯特德就认识到了自然的积极影响，注意到城市树木如何提供了“舒缓和清新的卫生影响。”他的“卫生风格”设计提供的不仅仅是装饰。他的口号是“服务必须先于艺术”。

Antidotes to urban stress

城市压力的解药

The insights Olmsted gained into connections between space, disease control and public health clearly influenced his landscape architectural career and the design of many urban park systems. For example, his design for the interlinked parks that forms Boston's Emerald Necklace foreshadowed the concept of green infrastructure.

奥姆斯特德对空间、疾病控制和公共卫生之间的联系所获得的见解显然影响了他的景观建筑生涯和许多城市公园系统的设计。例如，他设计的相互连接的公园构成了波士顿的翡翠项链，预示着绿色基础设施的概念。

Olmsted also designed America's first bike lane, which originated in Brooklyn, New York's Prospect Park. Of the tree-lined boulevards in his design for Central Park, Olmsted said, "Air is disinfected by sunlight and foliage. Foliage also acts mechanically to purify the air by screening it."

奥姆斯特德还设计了美国第一条自行车道，它起源于纽约布鲁克林的展望公园。奥姆斯特德说，在他为中央公园设计的林荫大道上，“阳光和树叶对空气进行了消毒。树叶也能通过机械过滤来净化空气。”

In all of his urban parks, Olmsted sought to immerse visitors in restorative and therapeutic natural landscapes -- an experience he viewed as the most profound and effective antidote to the stress and ailments of urban life.

在他(设计的)所有的城市公园中，奥姆斯特德试图让游客沉浸在具有恢复性和治疗性的自然景观中——在他看来，这种体验是对城市生活中的压力和疾病最深刻和有效的解药。